Đề luyện thi tốt nghiệp THPT môn Tiếng Anh nâng cao số 27
Đề luyện thi tốt nghiệp THPT môn Tiếng Anh số 27, gồm 40 câu trắc nghiệm nâng cao về từ vựng, ngữ pháp, liên kết văn bản và đọc hiểu theo định hướng đánh giá năng lực.
Câu 1.
It is tempting to reduce documenting community-based heritage to recording an old performance for an archive. That assumption overlooks how (1) ______ the work becomes when evidence conflicts. The new (2) ______ initiative ‘Heritage in Practice’ begins with a session that (3) ______ the wider consequences of each decision. Tasks are matched (4) ______ learners’ existing skills. Advanced participants may (5) ______; beginners, who are unfamiliar with (6) ______, first practise in a controlled setting.
Choose the option that best fits blank (1).
A. technically routine
B. administratively effortless
C. socially embedded
D. conceptually superficial
Câu 2.
It is tempting to reduce documenting community-based heritage to recording an old performance for an archive. That assumption overlooks how (1) ______ the work becomes when evidence conflicts. The new (2) ______ initiative ‘Heritage in Practice’ begins with a session that (3) ______ the wider consequences of each decision. Tasks are matched (4) ______ learners’ existing skills. Advanced participants may (5) ______; beginners, who are unfamiliar with (6) ______, first practise in a controlled setting.
Choose the option that best fits blank (2).
A. initiative-led
B. initiating
C. community-led
D. initiatively designed
Câu 3.
It is tempting to reduce documenting community-based heritage to recording an old performance for an archive. That assumption overlooks how (1) ______ the work becomes when evidence conflicts. The new (2) ______ initiative ‘Heritage in Practice’ begins with a session that (3) ______ the wider consequences of each decision. Tasks are matched (4) ______ learners’ existing skills. Advanced participants may (5) ______; beginners, who are unfamiliar with (6) ______, first practise in a controlled setting.
Choose the option that best fits blank (3).
A. brief
B. emphasisesing
C. emphasisesed
D. emphasises
Câu 4.
It is tempting to reduce documenting community-based heritage to recording an old performance for an archive. That assumption overlooks how (1) ______ the work becomes when evidence conflicts. The new (2) ______ initiative ‘Heritage in Practice’ begins with a session that (3) ______ the wider consequences of each decision. Tasks are matched (4) ______ learners’ existing skills. Advanced participants may (5) ______; beginners, who are unfamiliar with (6) ______, first practise in a controlled setting.
Choose the option that best fits blank (4).
A. to
B. for
C. on
D. with
Câu 5.
It is tempting to reduce documenting community-based heritage to recording an old performance for an archive. That assumption overlooks how (1) ______ the work becomes when evidence conflicts. The new (2) ______ initiative ‘Heritage in Practice’ begins with a session that (3) ______ the wider consequences of each decision. Tasks are matched (4) ______ learners’ existing skills. Advanced participants may (5) ______; beginners, who are unfamiliar with (6) ______, first practise in a controlled setting.
Choose the option that best fits blank (5).
A. take deeper into
B. negotiate consent protocols
C. advance the deeply
D. make an evidence
Câu 6.
It is tempting to reduce documenting community-based heritage to recording an old performance for an archive. That assumption overlooks how (1) ______ the work becomes when evidence conflicts. The new (2) ______ initiative ‘Heritage in Practice’ begins with a session that (3) ______ the wider consequences of each decision. Tasks are matched (4) ______ learners’ existing skills. Advanced participants may (5) ______; beginners, who are unfamiliar with (6) ______, first practise in a controlled setting.
Choose the option that best fits blank (6).
A. have mapping knowledge holders
B. mapping knowledge holders
C. mapp knowledge holders
D. to mapping knowledge holders
Câu 7.
Practical Change, Not Symbolic Change
When organisations persist in preserving traditions without involving the communities that practise them, they can (7) ______ long-term harm. At the same time, decision-makers may (8) ______ early warnings because the damage is dispersed. Select intergenerational teaching where evidence supports it. (9) ______ adopting a fashionable stand-alone measure, compare several interventions. The aim is to cut the (10) ______ of preventable harm. Document oral accounts, craft processes, and performance records (11) ______ and manage them (12) ______.
Choose the option that best fits blank (7).
A. turning
B. has been turning
C. turned
D. turn
Câu 8.
Practical Change, Not Symbolic Change
When organisations persist in preserving traditions without involving the communities that practise them, they can (7) ______ long-term harm. At the same time, decision-makers may (8) ______ early warnings because the damage is dispersed. Select intergenerational teaching where evidence supports it. (9) ______ adopting a fashionable stand-alone measure, compare several interventions. The aim is to cut the (10) ______ of preventable harm. Document oral accounts, craft processes, and performance records (11) ______ and manage them (12) ______.
Choose the option that best fits blank (8).
A. overlook
B. oversee to
C. look after
D. look over
Câu 9.
Practical Change, Not Symbolic Change
When organisations persist in preserving traditions without involving the communities that practise them, they can (7) ______ long-term harm. At the same time, decision-makers may (8) ______ early warnings because the damage is dispersed. Select intergenerational teaching where evidence supports it. (9) ______ adopting a fashionable stand-alone measure, compare several interventions. The aim is to cut the (10) ______ of preventable harm. Document oral accounts, craft processes, and performance records (11) ______ and manage them (12) ______.
Choose the option that best fits blank (9).
A. In view of
B. As far as
C. Instead of
D. On behalf of
Câu 10.
Practical Change, Not Symbolic Change
When organisations persist in preserving traditions without involving the communities that practise them, they can (7) ______ long-term harm. At the same time, decision-makers may (8) ______ early warnings because the damage is dispersed. Select intergenerational teaching where evidence supports it. (9) ______ adopting a fashionable stand-alone measure, compare several interventions. The aim is to cut the (10) ______ of preventable harm. Document oral accounts, craft processes, and performance records (11) ______ and manage them (12) ______.
Choose the option that best fits blank (10).
A. standard
B. quality
C. number
D. extent
Câu 11.
Practical Change, Not Symbolic Change
When organisations persist in preserving traditions without involving the communities that practise them, they can (7) ______ long-term harm. At the same time, decision-makers may (8) ______ early warnings because the damage is dispersed. Select intergenerational teaching where evidence supports it. (9) ______ adopting a fashionable stand-alone measure, compare several interventions. The aim is to cut the (10) ______ of preventable harm. Document oral accounts, craft processes, and performance records (11) ______ and manage them (12) ______.
Choose the option that best fits blank (11).
A. temporarily
B. altogether
C. respectfully
D. randomly
Câu 12.
Practical Change, Not Symbolic Change
When organisations persist in preserving traditions without involving the communities that practise them, they can (7) ______ long-term harm. At the same time, decision-makers may (8) ______ early warnings because the damage is dispersed. Select intergenerational teaching where evidence supports it. (9) ______ adopting a fashionable stand-alone measure, compare several interventions. The aim is to cut the (10) ______ of preventable harm. Document oral accounts, craft processes, and performance records (11) ______ and manage them (12) ______.
Choose the option that best fits blank (12).
A. responsible
B. responsibly
C. responsibility
D. responsive
Câu 13.
a. Linh: I thought intangible cultural heritage was mainly about recording an old performance for an archive.
b. Minh: The new evidence suggests the issue is far more socially embedded.
c. Linh: Then I should read the briefing before making that assumption again.
Choose the best arrangement to make a meaningful exchange or paragraph.
A. b – c – a
B. c – b – a
C. a – c – b
D. a – b – c
Câu 14.
a. Researcher: We need to decide whether the pilot on intangible cultural heritage should expand.
b. Analyst: What outcome matters most to the affected groups?
c. Researcher: Not just speed; safeguarding can strengthen identity, cultural diversity, local knowledge, and intergenerational relationships.
d. Analyst: Then the evaluation must include distributional effects, not only averages.
e. Researcher: Agreed. We will revise the indicators before the next phase.
Choose the best arrangement to make a meaningful exchange or paragraph.
A. b – c – d – e – a
B. a – c – d – e – b
C. e – d – c – b – a
D. a – b – c – d – e
Câu 15.
a. First, our team reviewed the assumption that recording an old performance for an archive.
b. We then compared that assumption with observations from several settings.
c. The comparison revealed an important limitation: change is not automatically evidence of decline; living heritage is often adapted in response to new environments and social realities.
d. Consequently, we redesigned the study to include contextual evidence.
e. The revised design produced conclusions that were narrower but more defensible.
Choose the best arrangement to make a meaningful exchange or paragraph.
A. a – c – d – e – b
B. b – c – d – e – a
C. a – b – c – d – e
D. e – d – c – b – a
Câu 16.
a. My interest in intangible cultural heritage began with a local question rather than a grand theory.
b. During university, I learned that the issue involved practitioners, elders, young people, cultural institutions, researchers, and local authorities.
c. I therefore combined technical training with community-based fieldwork.
d. That combination eventually led me to coordinate the ‘Heritage in Practice’ programme.
e. I now value the role because it joins analysis with practical accountability.
Choose the best arrangement to make a meaningful exchange or paragraph.
A. b – c – d – e – a
B. a – c – d – e – b
C. a – b – c – d – e
D. e – d – c – b – a
Câu 17.
a. The town first treated intangible cultural heritage as a narrow technical issue.
b. A series of disruptions then exposed links to public services and local livelihoods.
c. Officials responded by creating a cross-sector working group.
d. The group tested safeguarding measures should support viability, consent, transmission, and the capacity of communities to shape how their heritage is represented.
e. Although results improved, the programme retained monitoring because change is not automatically evidence of decline; living heritage is often adapted in response to new environments and social realities.
Choose the best arrangement to make a meaningful exchange or paragraph.
A. b – c – d – e – a
B. e – d – c – b – a
C. a – c – d – e – b
D. a – b – c – d – e
Câu 18.
A public discussion about intangible cultural heritage often begins with a simplified claim. (18) ______. The project did not accept that framing without investigation. (19) ______. Once responsibilities had been agreed, the team moved from consultation to analysis. (20) ______. This prevented a single dramatic case from dominating the conclusions. (21) ______. The aim was not to promise a universal solution but to identify defensible actions. (22) ______.
Choose the sentence that best fits blank (18).
A. That simplification is risky: change is not automatically evidence of decline; living heritage is often adapted in response to new environments and social realities.
B. In response, the ‘Heritage in Practice’ team began by consulting practitioners, elders, young people, cultural institutions, researchers, and local authorities.
C. The next stage examined the mechanism: its continuity depends on people practising, adapting, teaching, and assigning meaning to it, not merely on storing recordings or objects.
D. Evidence was then compared across settings rather than treated as universally identical.
Câu 19.
A public discussion about intangible cultural heritage often begins with a simplified claim. (18) ______. The project did not accept that framing without investigation. (19) ______. Once responsibilities had been agreed, the team moved from consultation to analysis. (20) ______. This prevented a single dramatic case from dominating the conclusions. (21) ______. The aim was not to promise a universal solution but to identify defensible actions. (22) ______.
Choose the sentence that best fits blank (19).
A. In response, the ‘Heritage in Practice’ team began by consulting practitioners, elders, young people, cultural institutions, researchers, and local authorities.
B. That simplification is risky: change is not automatically evidence of decline; living heritage is often adapted in response to new environments and social realities.
C. The final recommendations followed a broader principle: safeguarding measures should support viability, consent, transmission, and the capacity of communities to shape how their heritage is represented.
D. The next stage examined the mechanism: its continuity depends on people practising, adapting, teaching, and assigning meaning to it, not merely on storing recordings or objects.
Câu 20.
A public discussion about intangible cultural heritage often begins with a simplified claim. (18) ______. The project did not accept that framing without investigation. (19) ______. Once responsibilities had been agreed, the team moved from consultation to analysis. (20) ______. This prevented a single dramatic case from dominating the conclusions. (21) ______. The aim was not to promise a universal solution but to identify defensible actions. (22) ______.
Choose the sentence that best fits blank (20).
A. In response, the ‘Heritage in Practice’ team began by consulting practitioners, elders, young people, cultural institutions, researchers, and local authorities.
B. The next stage examined the mechanism: its continuity depends on people practising, adapting, teaching, and assigning meaning to it, not merely on storing recordings or objects.
C. The final recommendations followed a broader principle: safeguarding measures should support viability, consent, transmission, and the capacity of communities to shape how their heritage is represented.
D. That simplification is risky: change is not automatically evidence of decline; living heritage is often adapted in response to new environments and social realities.
Câu 21.
A public discussion about intangible cultural heritage often begins with a simplified claim. (18) ______. The project did not accept that framing without investigation. (19) ______. Once responsibilities had been agreed, the team moved from consultation to analysis. (20) ______. This prevented a single dramatic case from dominating the conclusions. (21) ______. The aim was not to promise a universal solution but to identify defensible actions. (22) ______.
Choose the sentence that best fits blank (21).
A. The next stage examined the mechanism: its continuity depends on people practising, adapting, teaching, and assigning meaning to it, not merely on storing recordings or objects.
B. Evidence was then compared across settings rather than treated as universally identical.
C. In response, the ‘Heritage in Practice’ team began by consulting practitioners, elders, young people, cultural institutions, researchers, and local authorities.
D. That simplification is risky: change is not automatically evidence of decline; living heritage is often adapted in response to new environments and social realities.
Câu 22.
A public discussion about intangible cultural heritage often begins with a simplified claim. (18) ______. The project did not accept that framing without investigation. (19) ______. Once responsibilities had been agreed, the team moved from consultation to analysis. (20) ______. This prevented a single dramatic case from dominating the conclusions. (21) ______. The aim was not to promise a universal solution but to identify defensible actions. (22) ______.
Choose the sentence that best fits blank (22).
A. By contrast, the project abandoned all measurements and relied entirely on intuition.
B. The final recommendations followed a broader principle: safeguarding measures should support viability, consent, transmission, and the capacity of communities to shape how their heritage is represented.
C. The next stage examined the mechanism: its continuity depends on people practising, adapting, teaching, and assigning meaning to it, not merely on storing recordings or objects.
D. In response, the ‘Heritage in Practice’ team began by consulting practitioners, elders, young people, cultural institutions, researchers, and local authorities.
Câu 23.
Paragraph 1. Intangible cultural heritage includes living practices, knowledge, skills, and expressions transmitted and continually recreated by communities. Public debate, however, often reduces the issue to recording an old performance for an archive. That narrow view overlooks the technical, social, and institutional relationships that determine real outcomes.
Paragraph 2. Its continuity depends on people practising, adapting, teaching, and assigning meaning to it, not merely on storing recordings or objects. These processes explain why isolated observations can be misleading and why changes may differ among places or groups.
Paragraph 3. Community-based inventories and education programmes show that participation matters as much as technical documentation. The evidence therefore supports careful action, but not mechanical conclusions. Change is not automatically evidence of decline; living heritage is often adapted in response to new environments and social realities.
Paragraph 4. Safeguarding measures should support viability, consent, transmission, and the capacity of communities to shape how their heritage is represented. Digital tools can support access and teaching when communities control data, context, and permissions. In this sense, progress depends on both technical capacity and accountable cooperation among practitioners, elders, young people, cultural institutions, researchers, and local authorities.
Which of the following is NOT presented as a central feature of the issue?
A. Cooperation among multiple stakeholders
B. The need to interpret evidence in context
C. A mechanism that produces varied outcomes
D. A universal solution that works identically in every setting
Câu 24.
Paragraph 1. Intangible cultural heritage includes living practices, knowledge, skills, and expressions transmitted and continually recreated by communities. Public debate, however, often reduces the issue to recording an old performance for an archive. That narrow view overlooks the technical, social, and institutional relationships that determine real outcomes.
Paragraph 2. Its continuity depends on people practising, adapting, teaching, and assigning meaning to it, not merely on storing recordings or objects. These processes explain why isolated observations can be misleading and why changes may differ among places or groups.
Paragraph 3. Community-based inventories and education programmes show that participation matters as much as technical documentation. The evidence therefore supports careful action, but not mechanical conclusions. Change is not automatically evidence of decline; living heritage is often adapted in response to new environments and social realities.
Paragraph 4. Safeguarding measures should support viability, consent, transmission, and the capacity of communities to shape how their heritage is represented. Digital tools can support access and teaching when communities control data, context, and permissions. In this sense, progress depends on both technical capacity and accountable cooperation among practitioners, elders, young people, cultural institutions, researchers, and local authorities.
The word ‘overlooks’ in paragraph 1 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ______.
A. ignores
B. recognises
C. misses
D. neglects
Câu 25.
Paragraph 1. Intangible cultural heritage includes living practices, knowledge, skills, and expressions transmitted and continually recreated by communities. Public debate, however, often reduces the issue to recording an old performance for an archive. That narrow view overlooks the technical, social, and institutional relationships that determine real outcomes.
Paragraph 2. Its continuity depends on people practising, adapting, teaching, and assigning meaning to it, not merely on storing recordings or objects. These processes explain why isolated observations can be misleading and why changes may differ among places or groups.
Paragraph 3. Community-based inventories and education programmes show that participation matters as much as technical documentation. The evidence therefore supports careful action, but not mechanical conclusions. Change is not automatically evidence of decline; living heritage is often adapted in response to new environments and social realities.
Paragraph 4. Safeguarding measures should support viability, consent, transmission, and the capacity of communities to shape how their heritage is represented. Digital tools can support access and teaching when communities control data, context, and permissions. In this sense, progress depends on both technical capacity and accountable cooperation among practitioners, elders, young people, cultural institutions, researchers, and local authorities.
The phrase ‘These processes’ in paragraph 2 refers to ______.
A. Safeguarding measures should support viability, consent, transmission, and the capacity of communities to shape how their heritage is represented.
B. Its continuity depends on people practising, adapting, teaching, and assigning meaning to it, not merely on storing recordings or objects.
C. recording an old performance for an archive
D. Digital tools can support access and teaching when communities control data, context, and permissions.
Câu 26.
Paragraph 1. Intangible cultural heritage includes living practices, knowledge, skills, and expressions transmitted and continually recreated by communities. Public debate, however, often reduces the issue to recording an old performance for an archive. That narrow view overlooks the technical, social, and institutional relationships that determine real outcomes.
Paragraph 2. Its continuity depends on people practising, adapting, teaching, and assigning meaning to it, not merely on storing recordings or objects. These processes explain why isolated observations can be misleading and why changes may differ among places or groups.
Paragraph 3. Community-based inventories and education programmes show that participation matters as much as technical documentation. The evidence therefore supports careful action, but not mechanical conclusions. Change is not automatically evidence of decline; living heritage is often adapted in response to new environments and social realities.
Paragraph 4. Safeguarding measures should support viability, consent, transmission, and the capacity of communities to shape how their heritage is represented. Digital tools can support access and teaching when communities control data, context, and permissions. In this sense, progress depends on both technical capacity and accountable cooperation among practitioners, elders, young people, cultural institutions, researchers, and local authorities.
The word ‘mechanical’ in paragraph 3 could best be replaced by ______.
A. socially negotiated
B. physically engineered
C. automatic and uncritical
D. carefully calibrated
Câu 27.
Paragraph 1. Intangible cultural heritage includes living practices, knowledge, skills, and expressions transmitted and continually recreated by communities. Public debate, however, often reduces the issue to recording an old performance for an archive. That narrow view overlooks the technical, social, and institutional relationships that determine real outcomes.
Paragraph 2. Its continuity depends on people practising, adapting, teaching, and assigning meaning to it, not merely on storing recordings or objects. These processes explain why isolated observations can be misleading and why changes may differ among places or groups.
Paragraph 3. Community-based inventories and education programmes show that participation matters as much as technical documentation. The evidence therefore supports careful action, but not mechanical conclusions. Change is not automatically evidence of decline; living heritage is often adapted in response to new environments and social realities.
Paragraph 4. Safeguarding measures should support viability, consent, transmission, and the capacity of communities to shape how their heritage is represented. Digital tools can support access and teaching when communities control data, context, and permissions. In this sense, progress depends on both technical capacity and accountable cooperation among practitioners, elders, young people, cultural institutions, researchers, and local authorities.
Which option best paraphrases the final sentence of paragraph 3?
A. The evidence should guide action, but its limits and context must still be considered.
B. Evidence is too uncertain to support any practical response.
C. Once evidence exists, the same action should be taken everywhere.
D. Context matters only when no scientific observations are available.
Câu 28.
Paragraph 1. Intangible cultural heritage includes living practices, knowledge, skills, and expressions transmitted and continually recreated by communities. Public debate, however, often reduces the issue to recording an old performance for an archive. That narrow view overlooks the technical, social, and institutional relationships that determine real outcomes.
Paragraph 2. Its continuity depends on people practising, adapting, teaching, and assigning meaning to it, not merely on storing recordings or objects. These processes explain why isolated observations can be misleading and why changes may differ among places or groups.
Paragraph 3. Community-based inventories and education programmes show that participation matters as much as technical documentation. The evidence therefore supports careful action, but not mechanical conclusions. Change is not automatically evidence of decline; living heritage is often adapted in response to new environments and social realities.
Paragraph 4. Safeguarding measures should support viability, consent, transmission, and the capacity of communities to shape how their heritage is represented. Digital tools can support access and teaching when communities control data, context, and permissions. In this sense, progress depends on both technical capacity and accountable cooperation among practitioners, elders, young people, cultural institutions, researchers, and local authorities.
Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. The issue can be solved by changing individual behaviour alone.
B. The passage treats all affected groups as experiencing identical conditions.
C. The passage argues that technical monitoring is unnecessary.
D. Digital tools can support access and teaching when communities control data, context, and permissions.
Câu 29.
Paragraph 1. Intangible cultural heritage includes living practices, knowledge, skills, and expressions transmitted and continually recreated by communities. Public debate, however, often reduces the issue to recording an old performance for an archive. That narrow view overlooks the technical, social, and institutional relationships that determine real outcomes.
Paragraph 2. Its continuity depends on people practising, adapting, teaching, and assigning meaning to it, not merely on storing recordings or objects. These processes explain why isolated observations can be misleading and why changes may differ among places or groups.
Paragraph 3. Community-based inventories and education programmes show that participation matters as much as technical documentation. The evidence therefore supports careful action, but not mechanical conclusions. Change is not automatically evidence of decline; living heritage is often adapted in response to new environments and social realities.
Paragraph 4. Safeguarding measures should support viability, consent, transmission, and the capacity of communities to shape how their heritage is represented. Digital tools can support access and teaching when communities control data, context, and permissions. In this sense, progress depends on both technical capacity and accountable cooperation among practitioners, elders, young people, cultural institutions, researchers, and local authorities.
In which paragraph does the writer explain a causal mechanism?
A. Paragraph 2
B. Paragraph 4
C. Paragraph 1
D. Paragraph 3
Câu 30.
Paragraph 1. Intangible cultural heritage includes living practices, knowledge, skills, and expressions transmitted and continually recreated by communities. Public debate, however, often reduces the issue to recording an old performance for an archive. That narrow view overlooks the technical, social, and institutional relationships that determine real outcomes.
Paragraph 2. Its continuity depends on people practising, adapting, teaching, and assigning meaning to it, not merely on storing recordings or objects. These processes explain why isolated observations can be misleading and why changes may differ among places or groups.
Paragraph 3. Community-based inventories and education programmes show that participation matters as much as technical documentation. The evidence therefore supports careful action, but not mechanical conclusions. Change is not automatically evidence of decline; living heritage is often adapted in response to new environments and social realities.
Paragraph 4. Safeguarding measures should support viability, consent, transmission, and the capacity of communities to shape how their heritage is represented. Digital tools can support access and teaching when communities control data, context, and permissions. In this sense, progress depends on both technical capacity and accountable cooperation among practitioners, elders, young people, cultural institutions, researchers, and local authorities.
In which paragraph does the writer discuss future-oriented methods and cooperation?
A. Paragraph 3
B. Paragraph 4
C. Paragraph 1
D. Paragraph 2
Câu 31.
[I] Efforts to address intangible cultural heritage have expanded as its links to wider social, environmental, and institutional outcomes have become clearer. [II] Yet expansion has also exposed a recurring mistake: success is often measured through a single convenient indicator. [III] For that reason, an apparently efficient intervention may fail when it ignores who bears the costs and who can influence decisions. [IV]
Paragraph 2. Several forces encourage narrow decision-making. Agencies may face short funding cycles, incomplete data, fragmented responsibilities, and pressure to announce rapid results. These constraints can privilege visible outputs over durable outcomes.
Paragraph 3. The consequences are not merely technical. A measure may improve an average while worsening conditions for a vulnerable group; it may solve one stage of a problem while transferring costs to another; or it may create dependence on systems that local institutions cannot maintain.
Paragraph 4. A more credible approach begins by defining the problem with affected people, testing assumptions, comparing alternatives, and monitoring unintended effects. Although this process is slower, it makes adaptation possible when conditions change. In complex systems, the quality of learning can be as important as the apparent certainty of an initial plan.
Where in paragraph 1 does the following sentence best fit?
‘A broader evaluation must therefore examine distribution, governance, and long-term capacity.’
A. [III]
B. [I]
C. [IV]
D. [II]
Câu 32.
[I] Efforts to address intangible cultural heritage have expanded as its links to wider social, environmental, and institutional outcomes have become clearer. [II] Yet expansion has also exposed a recurring mistake: success is often measured through a single convenient indicator. [III] For that reason, an apparently efficient intervention may fail when it ignores who bears the costs and who can influence decisions. [IV]
Paragraph 2. Several forces encourage narrow decision-making. Agencies may face short funding cycles, incomplete data, fragmented responsibilities, and pressure to announce rapid results. These constraints can privilege visible outputs over durable outcomes.
Paragraph 3. The consequences are not merely technical. A measure may improve an average while worsening conditions for a vulnerable group; it may solve one stage of a problem while transferring costs to another; or it may create dependence on systems that local institutions cannot maintain.
Paragraph 4. A more credible approach begins by defining the problem with affected people, testing assumptions, comparing alternatives, and monitoring unintended effects. Although this process is slower, it makes adaptation possible when conditions change. In complex systems, the quality of learning can be as important as the apparent certainty of an initial plan.
The phrase ‘privilege visible outputs’ in paragraph 2 could best be replaced by ______.
A. guarantee that benefits will last
B. give priority to results that are easy to display
C. hide outcomes from public review
D. remove every measurable result
Câu 33.
[I] Efforts to address intangible cultural heritage have expanded as its links to wider social, environmental, and institutional outcomes have become clearer. [II] Yet expansion has also exposed a recurring mistake: success is often measured through a single convenient indicator. [III] For that reason, an apparently efficient intervention may fail when it ignores who bears the costs and who can influence decisions. [IV]
Paragraph 2. Several forces encourage narrow decision-making. Agencies may face short funding cycles, incomplete data, fragmented responsibilities, and pressure to announce rapid results. These constraints can privilege visible outputs over durable outcomes.
Paragraph 3. The consequences are not merely technical. A measure may improve an average while worsening conditions for a vulnerable group; it may solve one stage of a problem while transferring costs to another; or it may create dependence on systems that local institutions cannot maintain.
Paragraph 4. A more credible approach begins by defining the problem with affected people, testing assumptions, comparing alternatives, and monitoring unintended effects. Although this process is slower, it makes adaptation possible when conditions change. In complex systems, the quality of learning can be as important as the apparent certainty of an initial plan.
The word ‘These’ in paragraph 2 refers to ______.
A. durable outcomes
B. complex systems
C. short funding cycles, incomplete data, fragmented duties, and pressure for quick results
D. affected people
Câu 34.
[I] Efforts to address intangible cultural heritage have expanded as its links to wider social, environmental, and institutional outcomes have become clearer. [II] Yet expansion has also exposed a recurring mistake: success is often measured through a single convenient indicator. [III] For that reason, an apparently efficient intervention may fail when it ignores who bears the costs and who can influence decisions. [IV]
Paragraph 2. Several forces encourage narrow decision-making. Agencies may face short funding cycles, incomplete data, fragmented responsibilities, and pressure to announce rapid results. These constraints can privilege visible outputs over durable outcomes.
Paragraph 3. The consequences are not merely technical. A measure may improve an average while worsening conditions for a vulnerable group; it may solve one stage of a problem while transferring costs to another; or it may create dependence on systems that local institutions cannot maintain.
Paragraph 4. A more credible approach begins by defining the problem with affected people, testing assumptions, comparing alternatives, and monitoring unintended effects. Although this process is slower, it makes adaptation possible when conditions change. In complex systems, the quality of learning can be as important as the apparent certainty of an initial plan.
According to paragraph 2, which of the following is NOT a force behind narrow decisions?
A. Fragmented responsibilities
B. Pressure for rapid results
C. Long-term institutional learning
D. Short funding cycles
Câu 35.
[I] Efforts to address intangible cultural heritage have expanded as its links to wider social, environmental, and institutional outcomes have become clearer. [II] Yet expansion has also exposed a recurring mistake: success is often measured through a single convenient indicator. [III] For that reason, an apparently efficient intervention may fail when it ignores who bears the costs and who can influence decisions. [IV]
Paragraph 2. Several forces encourage narrow decision-making. Agencies may face short funding cycles, incomplete data, fragmented responsibilities, and pressure to announce rapid results. These constraints can privilege visible outputs over durable outcomes.
Paragraph 3. The consequences are not merely technical. A measure may improve an average while worsening conditions for a vulnerable group; it may solve one stage of a problem while transferring costs to another; or it may create dependence on systems that local institutions cannot maintain.
Paragraph 4. A more credible approach begins by defining the problem with affected people, testing assumptions, comparing alternatives, and monitoring unintended effects. Although this process is slower, it makes adaptation possible when conditions change. In complex systems, the quality of learning can be as important as the apparent certainty of an initial plan.
Which option best summarises paragraph 3?
A. Maintenance capacity is unrelated to policy effectiveness.
B. A seemingly successful measure can redistribute harm or create new weaknesses.
C. Technical measures always benefit vulnerable groups first.
D. Average improvement proves that no one is disadvantaged.
Câu 36.
[I] Efforts to address intangible cultural heritage have expanded as its links to wider social, environmental, and institutional outcomes have become clearer. [II] Yet expansion has also exposed a recurring mistake: success is often measured through a single convenient indicator. [III] For that reason, an apparently efficient intervention may fail when it ignores who bears the costs and who can influence decisions. [IV]
Paragraph 2. Several forces encourage narrow decision-making. Agencies may face short funding cycles, incomplete data, fragmented responsibilities, and pressure to announce rapid results. These constraints can privilege visible outputs over durable outcomes.
Paragraph 3. The consequences are not merely technical. A measure may improve an average while worsening conditions for a vulnerable group; it may solve one stage of a problem while transferring costs to another; or it may create dependence on systems that local institutions cannot maintain.
Paragraph 4. A more credible approach begins by defining the problem with affected people, testing assumptions, comparing alternatives, and monitoring unintended effects. Although this process is slower, it makes adaptation possible when conditions change. In complex systems, the quality of learning can be as important as the apparent certainty of an initial plan.
The word ‘credible’ in paragraph 4 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ______.
A. trustworthy
B. defensible
C. reliable
D. unconvincing
Câu 37.
[I] Efforts to address intangible cultural heritage have expanded as its links to wider social, environmental, and institutional outcomes have become clearer. [II] Yet expansion has also exposed a recurring mistake: success is often measured through a single convenient indicator. [III] For that reason, an apparently efficient intervention may fail when it ignores who bears the costs and who can influence decisions. [IV]
Paragraph 2. Several forces encourage narrow decision-making. Agencies may face short funding cycles, incomplete data, fragmented responsibilities, and pressure to announce rapid results. These constraints can privilege visible outputs over durable outcomes.
Paragraph 3. The consequences are not merely technical. A measure may improve an average while worsening conditions for a vulnerable group; it may solve one stage of a problem while transferring costs to another; or it may create dependence on systems that local institutions cannot maintain.
Paragraph 4. A more credible approach begins by defining the problem with affected people, testing assumptions, comparing alternatives, and monitoring unintended effects. Although this process is slower, it makes adaptation possible when conditions change. In complex systems, the quality of learning can be as important as the apparent certainty of an initial plan.
Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Rapid announcements usually produce durable outcomes.
B. Consultation should occur only after a programme has ended.
C. A single indicator is sufficient in complex systems.
D. Monitoring unintended effects helps programmes adapt when circumstances change.
Câu 38.
[I] Efforts to address intangible cultural heritage have expanded as its links to wider social, environmental, and institutional outcomes have become clearer. [II] Yet expansion has also exposed a recurring mistake: success is often measured through a single convenient indicator. [III] For that reason, an apparently efficient intervention may fail when it ignores who bears the costs and who can influence decisions. [IV]
Paragraph 2. Several forces encourage narrow decision-making. Agencies may face short funding cycles, incomplete data, fragmented responsibilities, and pressure to announce rapid results. These constraints can privilege visible outputs over durable outcomes.
Paragraph 3. The consequences are not merely technical. A measure may improve an average while worsening conditions for a vulnerable group; it may solve one stage of a problem while transferring costs to another; or it may create dependence on systems that local institutions cannot maintain.
Paragraph 4. A more credible approach begins by defining the problem with affected people, testing assumptions, comparing alternatives, and monitoring unintended effects. Although this process is slower, it makes adaptation possible when conditions change. In complex systems, the quality of learning can be as important as the apparent certainty of an initial plan.
Which option best paraphrases the final sentence of the passage?
A. Learning is useful only when an initial plan completely fails.
B. Initial plans should never be revised once implementation begins.
C. Complex systems become simple when enough indicators are collected.
D. In complicated situations, the ability to learn may matter as much as confidence in the first design.
Câu 39.
[I] Efforts to address intangible cultural heritage have expanded as its links to wider social, environmental, and institutional outcomes have become clearer. [II] Yet expansion has also exposed a recurring mistake: success is often measured through a single convenient indicator. [III] For that reason, an apparently efficient intervention may fail when it ignores who bears the costs and who can influence decisions. [IV]
Paragraph 2. Several forces encourage narrow decision-making. Agencies may face short funding cycles, incomplete data, fragmented responsibilities, and pressure to announce rapid results. These constraints can privilege visible outputs over durable outcomes.
Paragraph 3. The consequences are not merely technical. A measure may improve an average while worsening conditions for a vulnerable group; it may solve one stage of a problem while transferring costs to another; or it may create dependence on systems that local institutions cannot maintain.
Paragraph 4. A more credible approach begins by defining the problem with affected people, testing assumptions, comparing alternatives, and monitoring unintended effects. Although this process is slower, it makes adaptation possible when conditions change. In complex systems, the quality of learning can be as important as the apparent certainty of an initial plan.
What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Affected groups necessarily agree on every policy choice.
B. The slowest programme is always the most effective.
C. Quantitative indicators should be eliminated from evaluation.
D. Programmes that look efficient in the short term may be fragile if they ignore governance and maintenance.
Câu 40.
[I] Efforts to address intangible cultural heritage have expanded as its links to wider social, environmental, and institutional outcomes have become clearer. [II] Yet expansion has also exposed a recurring mistake: success is often measured through a single convenient indicator. [III] For that reason, an apparently efficient intervention may fail when it ignores who bears the costs and who can influence decisions. [IV]
Paragraph 2. Several forces encourage narrow decision-making. Agencies may face short funding cycles, incomplete data, fragmented responsibilities, and pressure to announce rapid results. These constraints can privilege visible outputs over durable outcomes.
Paragraph 3. The consequences are not merely technical. A measure may improve an average while worsening conditions for a vulnerable group; it may solve one stage of a problem while transferring costs to another; or it may create dependence on systems that local institutions cannot maintain.
Paragraph 4. A more credible approach begins by defining the problem with affected people, testing assumptions, comparing alternatives, and monitoring unintended effects. Although this process is slower, it makes adaptation possible when conditions change. In complex systems, the quality of learning can be as important as the apparent certainty of an initial plan.
Which option best summarises the passage?
A. Addressing intangible cultural heritage requires broader evaluation, participation, comparison of alternatives, and continuous learning rather than reliance on one convenient indicator.
B. Technical expertise alone can resolve intangible cultural heritage without attention to distribution or institutions.
C. The best way to address intangible cultural heritage is to select the fastest measurable intervention and avoid later changes.
D. Because intangible cultural heritage is complex, governments should postpone action until complete data are available.
