Đề luyện thi tốt nghiệp THPT môn Tiếng Anh nâng cao số 25
Đề luyện thi tốt nghiệp THPT môn Tiếng Anh số 25, gồm 40 câu trắc nghiệm nâng cao về từ vựng, ngữ pháp, liên kết văn bản và đọc hiểu theo định hướng đánh giá năng lực.
Câu 1.
Many learners assume that investigating antimicrobial stewardship is little more than telling patients to finish a prescription. In practice, the task can be genuinely (1) ______. A research centre has therefore introduced a (2) ______ programme called ‘Medicines That Still Work’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the scientific and ethical stakes. Support is tailored (4) ______ prior experience. Those eager to (5) ______ may work beside specialists, whereas newcomers unaccustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (1).
A. technically routine
B. biologically dynamic
C. conceptually superficial
D. administratively effortless
Câu 2.
Many learners assume that investigating antimicrobial stewardship is little more than telling patients to finish a prescription. In practice, the task can be genuinely (1) ______. A research centre has therefore introduced a (2) ______ programme called ‘Medicines That Still Work’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the scientific and ethical stakes. Support is tailored (4) ______ prior experience. Those eager to (5) ______ may work beside specialists, whereas newcomers unaccustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (2).
A. initiatively designed
B. One-Health
C. initiative-led
D. initiating
Câu 3.
Many learners assume that investigating antimicrobial stewardship is little more than telling patients to finish a prescription. In practice, the task can be genuinely (1) ______. A research centre has therefore introduced a (2) ______ programme called ‘Medicines That Still Work’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the scientific and ethical stakes. Support is tailored (4) ______ prior experience. Those eager to (5) ______ may work beside specialists, whereas newcomers unaccustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (3).
A. connectsing
B. brief
C. connectsed
D. connects
Câu 4.
Many learners assume that investigating antimicrobial stewardship is little more than telling patients to finish a prescription. In practice, the task can be genuinely (1) ______. A research centre has therefore introduced a (2) ______ programme called ‘Medicines That Still Work’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the scientific and ethical stakes. Support is tailored (4) ______ prior experience. Those eager to (5) ______ may work beside specialists, whereas newcomers unaccustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (4).
A. on
B. with
C. to
D. for
Câu 5.
Many learners assume that investigating antimicrobial stewardship is little more than telling patients to finish a prescription. In practice, the task can be genuinely (1) ______. A research centre has therefore introduced a (2) ______ programme called ‘Medicines That Still Work’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the scientific and ethical stakes. Support is tailored (4) ______ prior experience. Those eager to (5) ______ may work beside specialists, whereas newcomers unaccustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (5).
A. interpret resistance patterns
B. make an evidence
C. take deeper into
D. advance the deeply
Câu 6.
Many learners assume that investigating antimicrobial stewardship is little more than telling patients to finish a prescription. In practice, the task can be genuinely (1) ______. A research centre has therefore introduced a (2) ______ programme called ‘Medicines That Still Work’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the scientific and ethical stakes. Support is tailored (4) ______ prior experience. Those eager to (5) ______ may work beside specialists, whereas newcomers unaccustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (6).
A. review culture reports
B. have reviewing culture reports
C. to reviewing culture reports
D. reviewing culture reports
Câu 7.
To Act Responsibly, Start with the System!
When organisations engage in using antimicrobial medicines when they are unnecessary or poorly targeted without adequate oversight, this has (7) ______ the selection of resistant microorganisms. Institutions also (8) ______ valuable evidence when they focus only on visible symptoms. Choose infection-prevention measures where appropriate to reduce avoidable pressure. (9) ______ relying on a single remedy, combine prevention with monitoring. This lowers the (10) ______ of preventable harm. Finally, document clinical samples, prescribing records, and surveillance data (11) ______ and manage them (12) ______.
Choose the option that best fits blank (7).
A. accelerated
B. accelerate
C. accelerateing
D. has been accelerateing
Câu 8.
To Act Responsibly, Start with the System!
When organisations engage in using antimicrobial medicines when they are unnecessary or poorly targeted without adequate oversight, this has (7) ______ the selection of resistant microorganisms. Institutions also (8) ______ valuable evidence when they focus only on visible symptoms. Choose infection-prevention measures where appropriate to reduce avoidable pressure. (9) ______ relying on a single remedy, combine prevention with monitoring. This lowers the (10) ______ of preventable harm. Finally, document clinical samples, prescribing records, and surveillance data (11) ______ and manage them (12) ______.
Choose the option that best fits blank (8).
A. look over
B. look after
C. overlook
D. oversee to
Câu 9.
To Act Responsibly, Start with the System!
When organisations engage in using antimicrobial medicines when they are unnecessary or poorly targeted without adequate oversight, this has (7) ______ the selection of resistant microorganisms. Institutions also (8) ______ valuable evidence when they focus only on visible symptoms. Choose infection-prevention measures where appropriate to reduce avoidable pressure. (9) ______ relying on a single remedy, combine prevention with monitoring. This lowers the (10) ______ of preventable harm. Finally, document clinical samples, prescribing records, and surveillance data (11) ______ and manage them (12) ______.
Choose the option that best fits blank (9).
A. Instead of
B. As far as
C. In view of
D. On behalf of
Câu 10.
To Act Responsibly, Start with the System!
When organisations engage in using antimicrobial medicines when they are unnecessary or poorly targeted without adequate oversight, this has (7) ______ the selection of resistant microorganisms. Institutions also (8) ______ valuable evidence when they focus only on visible symptoms. Choose infection-prevention measures where appropriate to reduce avoidable pressure. (9) ______ relying on a single remedy, combine prevention with monitoring. This lowers the (10) ______ of preventable harm. Finally, document clinical samples, prescribing records, and surveillance data (11) ______ and manage them (12) ______.
Choose the option that best fits blank (10).
A. number
B. level
C. standard
D. quality
Câu 11.
To Act Responsibly, Start with the System!
When organisations engage in using antimicrobial medicines when they are unnecessary or poorly targeted without adequate oversight, this has (7) ______ the selection of resistant microorganisms. Institutions also (8) ______ valuable evidence when they focus only on visible symptoms. Choose infection-prevention measures where appropriate to reduce avoidable pressure. (9) ______ relying on a single remedy, combine prevention with monitoring. This lowers the (10) ______ of preventable harm. Finally, document clinical samples, prescribing records, and surveillance data (11) ______ and manage them (12) ______.
Choose the option that best fits blank (11).
A. temporarily
B. randomly
C. altogether
D. carefully
Câu 12.
To Act Responsibly, Start with the System!
When organisations engage in using antimicrobial medicines when they are unnecessary or poorly targeted without adequate oversight, this has (7) ______ the selection of resistant microorganisms. Institutions also (8) ______ valuable evidence when they focus only on visible symptoms. Choose infection-prevention measures where appropriate to reduce avoidable pressure. (9) ______ relying on a single remedy, combine prevention with monitoring. This lowers the (10) ______ of preventable harm. Finally, document clinical samples, prescribing records, and surveillance data (11) ______ and manage them (12) ______.
Choose the option that best fits blank (12).
A. responsibility
B. responsive
C. responsible
D. responsibly
Câu 13.
a. Linh: I thought antimicrobial resistance was mainly about telling patients to finish a prescription.
b. Minh: The new evidence suggests the issue is far more biologically dynamic.
c. Linh: Then I should read the briefing before making that assumption again.
Choose the best arrangement to make a meaningful exchange or paragraph.
A. a – b – c
B. a – c – b
C. b – c – a
D. c – b – a
Câu 14.
a. Researcher: We need to decide whether the pilot on antimicrobial resistance should expand.
b. Analyst: What outcome matters most to the affected groups?
c. Researcher: Not just speed; stewardship, vaccination, hygiene, diagnostics, and surveillance can preserve effective treatment and prevent infections.
d. Analyst: Then the evaluation must include distributional effects, not only averages.
e. Researcher: Agreed. We will revise the indicators before the next phase.
Choose the best arrangement to make a meaningful exchange or paragraph.
A. b – c – d – e – a
B. a – b – c – d – e
C. e – d – c – b – a
D. a – c – d – e – b
Câu 15.
a. First, our team reviewed the assumption that telling patients to finish a prescription.
b. We then compared that assumption with observations from several settings.
c. The comparison revealed an important limitation: reducing use indiscriminately can also harm patients who genuinely need timely treatment; the aim is appropriate use, not simply less use.
d. Consequently, we redesigned the study to include contextual evidence.
e. The revised design produced conclusions that were narrower but more defensible.
Choose the best arrangement to make a meaningful exchange or paragraph.
A. b – c – d – e – a
B. a – b – c – d – e
C. a – c – d – e – b
D. e – d – c – b – a
Câu 16.
a. My interest in antimicrobial resistance began with a local question rather than a grand theory.
b. During university, I learned that the issue involved patients, clinicians, veterinarians, farmers, laboratories, and public-health agencies.
c. I therefore combined technical training with community-based fieldwork.
d. That combination eventually led me to coordinate the ‘Medicines That Still Work’ programme.
e. I now value the role because it joins analysis with practical accountability.
Choose the best arrangement to make a meaningful exchange or paragraph.
A. e – d – c – b – a
B. b – c – d – e – a
C. a – c – d – e – b
D. a – b – c – d – e
Câu 17.
a. The town first treated antimicrobial resistance as a narrow technical issue.
b. A series of disruptions then exposed links to public services and local livelihoods.
c. Officials responded by creating a cross-sector working group.
d. The group tested a One Health response coordinates human health, animal health, agriculture, and environmental action rather than treating resistance as a hospital-only problem.
e. Although results improved, the programme retained monitoring because reducing use indiscriminately can also harm patients who genuinely need timely treatment; the aim is appropriate use, not simply less use.
Choose the best arrangement to make a meaningful exchange or paragraph.
A. b – c – d – e – a
B. a – c – d – e – b
C. e – d – c – b – a
D. a – b – c – d – e
Câu 18.
A public discussion about antimicrobial resistance often begins with a simplified claim. (18) ______. The project did not accept that framing without investigation. (19) ______. Once responsibilities had been agreed, the team moved from consultation to analysis. (20) ______. This prevented a single dramatic case from dominating the conclusions. (21) ______. The aim was not to promise a universal solution but to identify defensible actions. (22) ______.
Choose the sentence that best fits blank (18).
A. That simplification is risky: reducing use indiscriminately can also harm patients who genuinely need timely treatment; the aim is appropriate use, not simply less use.
B. The next stage examined the mechanism: genetic changes arise naturally, but misuse, overuse, weak infection control, poor sanitation, and environmental spread accelerate the selection and transmission of resistant organisms.
C. The final recommendations followed a broader principle: a One Health response coordinates human health, animal health, agriculture, and environmental action rather than treating resistance as a hospital-only problem.
D. In response, the ‘Medicines That Still Work’ team began by consulting patients, clinicians, veterinarians, farmers, laboratories, and public-health agencies.
Câu 19.
A public discussion about antimicrobial resistance often begins with a simplified claim. (18) ______. The project did not accept that framing without investigation. (19) ______. Once responsibilities had been agreed, the team moved from consultation to analysis. (20) ______. This prevented a single dramatic case from dominating the conclusions. (21) ______. The aim was not to promise a universal solution but to identify defensible actions. (22) ______.
Choose the sentence that best fits blank (19).
A. By contrast, the project abandoned all measurements and relied entirely on intuition.
B. In response, the ‘Medicines That Still Work’ team began by consulting patients, clinicians, veterinarians, farmers, laboratories, and public-health agencies.
C. The next stage examined the mechanism: genetic changes arise naturally, but misuse, overuse, weak infection control, poor sanitation, and environmental spread accelerate the selection and transmission of resistant organisms.
D. That simplification is risky: reducing use indiscriminately can also harm patients who genuinely need timely treatment; the aim is appropriate use, not simply less use.
Câu 20.
A public discussion about antimicrobial resistance often begins with a simplified claim. (18) ______. The project did not accept that framing without investigation. (19) ______. Once responsibilities had been agreed, the team moved from consultation to analysis. (20) ______. This prevented a single dramatic case from dominating the conclusions. (21) ______. The aim was not to promise a universal solution but to identify defensible actions. (22) ______.
Choose the sentence that best fits blank (20).
A. The next stage examined the mechanism: genetic changes arise naturally, but misuse, overuse, weak infection control, poor sanitation, and environmental spread accelerate the selection and transmission of resistant organisms.
B. That simplification is risky: reducing use indiscriminately can also harm patients who genuinely need timely treatment; the aim is appropriate use, not simply less use.
C. Evidence was then compared across settings rather than treated as universally identical.
D. In response, the ‘Medicines That Still Work’ team began by consulting patients, clinicians, veterinarians, farmers, laboratories, and public-health agencies.
Câu 21.
A public discussion about antimicrobial resistance often begins with a simplified claim. (18) ______. The project did not accept that framing without investigation. (19) ______. Once responsibilities had been agreed, the team moved from consultation to analysis. (20) ______. This prevented a single dramatic case from dominating the conclusions. (21) ______. The aim was not to promise a universal solution but to identify defensible actions. (22) ______.
Choose the sentence that best fits blank (21).
A. That simplification is risky: reducing use indiscriminately can also harm patients who genuinely need timely treatment; the aim is appropriate use, not simply less use.
B. Evidence was then compared across settings rather than treated as universally identical.
C. The next stage examined the mechanism: genetic changes arise naturally, but misuse, overuse, weak infection control, poor sanitation, and environmental spread accelerate the selection and transmission of resistant organisms.
D. In response, the ‘Medicines That Still Work’ team began by consulting patients, clinicians, veterinarians, farmers, laboratories, and public-health agencies.
Câu 22.
A public discussion about antimicrobial resistance often begins with a simplified claim. (18) ______. The project did not accept that framing without investigation. (19) ______. Once responsibilities had been agreed, the team moved from consultation to analysis. (20) ______. This prevented a single dramatic case from dominating the conclusions. (21) ______. The aim was not to promise a universal solution but to identify defensible actions. (22) ______.
Choose the sentence that best fits blank (22).
A. In response, the ‘Medicines That Still Work’ team began by consulting patients, clinicians, veterinarians, farmers, laboratories, and public-health agencies.
B. The next stage examined the mechanism: genetic changes arise naturally, but misuse, overuse, weak infection control, poor sanitation, and environmental spread accelerate the selection and transmission of resistant organisms.
C. Evidence was then compared across settings rather than treated as universally identical.
D. The final recommendations followed a broader principle: a One Health response coordinates human health, animal health, agriculture, and environmental action rather than treating resistance as a hospital-only problem.
Câu 23.
Paragraph 1. Antimicrobial resistance occurs when bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites no longer respond adequately to medicines designed to control them. Public debate, however, often reduces the issue to telling patients to finish a prescription. That narrow view overlooks the technical, social, and institutional relationships that determine real outcomes.
Paragraph 2. Genetic changes arise naturally, but misuse, overuse, weak infection control, poor sanitation, and environmental spread accelerate the selection and transmission of resistant organisms. These processes explain why isolated observations can be misleading and why changes may differ among places or groups.
Paragraph 3. Surveillance systems report rising resistance in common pathogens, although data coverage and laboratory capacity remain uneven. The evidence therefore supports careful action, but not mechanical conclusions. Reducing use indiscriminately can also harm patients who genuinely need timely treatment; the aim is appropriate use, not simply less use.
Paragraph 4. A One Health response coordinates human health, animal health, agriculture, and environmental action rather than treating resistance as a hospital-only problem. Rapid diagnostics and new treatments matter, but they must be paired with equitable access and responsible use. In this sense, progress depends on both technical capacity and accountable cooperation among patients, clinicians, veterinarians, farmers, laboratories, and public-health agencies.
Which of the following is NOT presented as a central feature of the issue?
A. A universal solution that works identically in every setting
B. The need to interpret evidence in context
C. A mechanism that produces varied outcomes
D. Cooperation among multiple stakeholders
Câu 24.
Paragraph 1. Antimicrobial resistance occurs when bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites no longer respond adequately to medicines designed to control them. Public debate, however, often reduces the issue to telling patients to finish a prescription. That narrow view overlooks the technical, social, and institutional relationships that determine real outcomes.
Paragraph 2. Genetic changes arise naturally, but misuse, overuse, weak infection control, poor sanitation, and environmental spread accelerate the selection and transmission of resistant organisms. These processes explain why isolated observations can be misleading and why changes may differ among places or groups.
Paragraph 3. Surveillance systems report rising resistance in common pathogens, although data coverage and laboratory capacity remain uneven. The evidence therefore supports careful action, but not mechanical conclusions. Reducing use indiscriminately can also harm patients who genuinely need timely treatment; the aim is appropriate use, not simply less use.
Paragraph 4. A One Health response coordinates human health, animal health, agriculture, and environmental action rather than treating resistance as a hospital-only problem. Rapid diagnostics and new treatments matter, but they must be paired with equitable access and responsible use. In this sense, progress depends on both technical capacity and accountable cooperation among patients, clinicians, veterinarians, farmers, laboratories, and public-health agencies.
The word ‘overlooks’ in paragraph 1 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ______.
A. misses
B. ignores
C. neglects
D. recognises
Câu 25.
Paragraph 1. Antimicrobial resistance occurs when bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites no longer respond adequately to medicines designed to control them. Public debate, however, often reduces the issue to telling patients to finish a prescription. That narrow view overlooks the technical, social, and institutional relationships that determine real outcomes.
Paragraph 2. Genetic changes arise naturally, but misuse, overuse, weak infection control, poor sanitation, and environmental spread accelerate the selection and transmission of resistant organisms. These processes explain why isolated observations can be misleading and why changes may differ among places or groups.
Paragraph 3. Surveillance systems report rising resistance in common pathogens, although data coverage and laboratory capacity remain uneven. The evidence therefore supports careful action, but not mechanical conclusions. Reducing use indiscriminately can also harm patients who genuinely need timely treatment; the aim is appropriate use, not simply less use.
Paragraph 4. A One Health response coordinates human health, animal health, agriculture, and environmental action rather than treating resistance as a hospital-only problem. Rapid diagnostics and new treatments matter, but they must be paired with equitable access and responsible use. In this sense, progress depends on both technical capacity and accountable cooperation among patients, clinicians, veterinarians, farmers, laboratories, and public-health agencies.
The phrase ‘These processes’ in paragraph 2 refers to ______.
A. Genetic changes arise naturally, but misuse, overuse, weak infection control, poor sanitation, and environmental spread accelerate the selection and transmission of resistant organisms.
B. A One Health response coordinates human health, animal health, agriculture, and environmental action rather than treating resistance as a hospital-only problem.
C. Rapid diagnostics and new treatments matter, but they must be paired with equitable access and responsible use.
D. telling patients to finish a prescription
Câu 26.
Paragraph 1. Antimicrobial resistance occurs when bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites no longer respond adequately to medicines designed to control them. Public debate, however, often reduces the issue to telling patients to finish a prescription. That narrow view overlooks the technical, social, and institutional relationships that determine real outcomes.
Paragraph 2. Genetic changes arise naturally, but misuse, overuse, weak infection control, poor sanitation, and environmental spread accelerate the selection and transmission of resistant organisms. These processes explain why isolated observations can be misleading and why changes may differ among places or groups.
Paragraph 3. Surveillance systems report rising resistance in common pathogens, although data coverage and laboratory capacity remain uneven. The evidence therefore supports careful action, but not mechanical conclusions. Reducing use indiscriminately can also harm patients who genuinely need timely treatment; the aim is appropriate use, not simply less use.
Paragraph 4. A One Health response coordinates human health, animal health, agriculture, and environmental action rather than treating resistance as a hospital-only problem. Rapid diagnostics and new treatments matter, but they must be paired with equitable access and responsible use. In this sense, progress depends on both technical capacity and accountable cooperation among patients, clinicians, veterinarians, farmers, laboratories, and public-health agencies.
The word ‘mechanical’ in paragraph 3 could best be replaced by ______.
A. automatic and uncritical
B. carefully calibrated
C. physically engineered
D. socially negotiated
Câu 27.
Paragraph 1. Antimicrobial resistance occurs when bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites no longer respond adequately to medicines designed to control them. Public debate, however, often reduces the issue to telling patients to finish a prescription. That narrow view overlooks the technical, social, and institutional relationships that determine real outcomes.
Paragraph 2. Genetic changes arise naturally, but misuse, overuse, weak infection control, poor sanitation, and environmental spread accelerate the selection and transmission of resistant organisms. These processes explain why isolated observations can be misleading and why changes may differ among places or groups.
Paragraph 3. Surveillance systems report rising resistance in common pathogens, although data coverage and laboratory capacity remain uneven. The evidence therefore supports careful action, but not mechanical conclusions. Reducing use indiscriminately can also harm patients who genuinely need timely treatment; the aim is appropriate use, not simply less use.
Paragraph 4. A One Health response coordinates human health, animal health, agriculture, and environmental action rather than treating resistance as a hospital-only problem. Rapid diagnostics and new treatments matter, but they must be paired with equitable access and responsible use. In this sense, progress depends on both technical capacity and accountable cooperation among patients, clinicians, veterinarians, farmers, laboratories, and public-health agencies.
Which option best paraphrases the final sentence of paragraph 3?
A. Context matters only when no scientific observations are available.
B. The evidence should guide action, but its limits and context must still be considered.
C. Evidence is too uncertain to support any practical response.
D. Once evidence exists, the same action should be taken everywhere.
Câu 28.
Paragraph 1. Antimicrobial resistance occurs when bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites no longer respond adequately to medicines designed to control them. Public debate, however, often reduces the issue to telling patients to finish a prescription. That narrow view overlooks the technical, social, and institutional relationships that determine real outcomes.
Paragraph 2. Genetic changes arise naturally, but misuse, overuse, weak infection control, poor sanitation, and environmental spread accelerate the selection and transmission of resistant organisms. These processes explain why isolated observations can be misleading and why changes may differ among places or groups.
Paragraph 3. Surveillance systems report rising resistance in common pathogens, although data coverage and laboratory capacity remain uneven. The evidence therefore supports careful action, but not mechanical conclusions. Reducing use indiscriminately can also harm patients who genuinely need timely treatment; the aim is appropriate use, not simply less use.
Paragraph 4. A One Health response coordinates human health, animal health, agriculture, and environmental action rather than treating resistance as a hospital-only problem. Rapid diagnostics and new treatments matter, but they must be paired with equitable access and responsible use. In this sense, progress depends on both technical capacity and accountable cooperation among patients, clinicians, veterinarians, farmers, laboratories, and public-health agencies.
Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. The passage treats all affected groups as experiencing identical conditions.
B. The passage argues that technical monitoring is unnecessary.
C. The issue can be solved by changing individual behaviour alone.
D. Rapid diagnostics and new treatments matter, but they must be paired with equitable access and responsible use.
Câu 29.
Paragraph 1. Antimicrobial resistance occurs when bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites no longer respond adequately to medicines designed to control them. Public debate, however, often reduces the issue to telling patients to finish a prescription. That narrow view overlooks the technical, social, and institutional relationships that determine real outcomes.
Paragraph 2. Genetic changes arise naturally, but misuse, overuse, weak infection control, poor sanitation, and environmental spread accelerate the selection and transmission of resistant organisms. These processes explain why isolated observations can be misleading and why changes may differ among places or groups.
Paragraph 3. Surveillance systems report rising resistance in common pathogens, although data coverage and laboratory capacity remain uneven. The evidence therefore supports careful action, but not mechanical conclusions. Reducing use indiscriminately can also harm patients who genuinely need timely treatment; the aim is appropriate use, not simply less use.
Paragraph 4. A One Health response coordinates human health, animal health, agriculture, and environmental action rather than treating resistance as a hospital-only problem. Rapid diagnostics and new treatments matter, but they must be paired with equitable access and responsible use. In this sense, progress depends on both technical capacity and accountable cooperation among patients, clinicians, veterinarians, farmers, laboratories, and public-health agencies.
In which paragraph does the writer explain a causal mechanism?
A. Paragraph 4
B. Paragraph 2
C. Paragraph 3
D. Paragraph 1
Câu 30.
Paragraph 1. Antimicrobial resistance occurs when bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites no longer respond adequately to medicines designed to control them. Public debate, however, often reduces the issue to telling patients to finish a prescription. That narrow view overlooks the technical, social, and institutional relationships that determine real outcomes.
Paragraph 2. Genetic changes arise naturally, but misuse, overuse, weak infection control, poor sanitation, and environmental spread accelerate the selection and transmission of resistant organisms. These processes explain why isolated observations can be misleading and why changes may differ among places or groups.
Paragraph 3. Surveillance systems report rising resistance in common pathogens, although data coverage and laboratory capacity remain uneven. The evidence therefore supports careful action, but not mechanical conclusions. Reducing use indiscriminately can also harm patients who genuinely need timely treatment; the aim is appropriate use, not simply less use.
Paragraph 4. A One Health response coordinates human health, animal health, agriculture, and environmental action rather than treating resistance as a hospital-only problem. Rapid diagnostics and new treatments matter, but they must be paired with equitable access and responsible use. In this sense, progress depends on both technical capacity and accountable cooperation among patients, clinicians, veterinarians, farmers, laboratories, and public-health agencies.
In which paragraph does the writer discuss future-oriented methods and cooperation?
A. Paragraph 3
B. Paragraph 2
C. Paragraph 4
D. Paragraph 1
Câu 31.
[I] Efforts to address antimicrobial resistance have expanded as its links to wider social, environmental, and institutional outcomes have become clearer. [II] Yet expansion has also exposed a recurring mistake: success is often measured through a single convenient indicator. [III] For that reason, an apparently efficient intervention may fail when it ignores who bears the costs and who can influence decisions. [IV]
Paragraph 2. Several forces encourage narrow decision-making. Agencies may face short funding cycles, incomplete data, fragmented responsibilities, and pressure to announce rapid results. These constraints can privilege visible outputs over durable outcomes.
Paragraph 3. The consequences are not merely technical. A measure may improve an average while worsening conditions for a vulnerable group; it may solve one stage of a problem while transferring costs to another; or it may create dependence on systems that local institutions cannot maintain.
Paragraph 4. A more credible approach begins by defining the problem with affected people, testing assumptions, comparing alternatives, and monitoring unintended effects. Although this process is slower, it makes adaptation possible when conditions change. In complex systems, the quality of learning can be as important as the apparent certainty of an initial plan.
Where in paragraph 1 does the following sentence best fit?
‘A broader evaluation must therefore examine distribution, governance, and long-term capacity.’
A. [II]
B. [I]
C. [IV]
D. [III]
Câu 32.
[I] Efforts to address antimicrobial resistance have expanded as its links to wider social, environmental, and institutional outcomes have become clearer. [II] Yet expansion has also exposed a recurring mistake: success is often measured through a single convenient indicator. [III] For that reason, an apparently efficient intervention may fail when it ignores who bears the costs and who can influence decisions. [IV]
Paragraph 2. Several forces encourage narrow decision-making. Agencies may face short funding cycles, incomplete data, fragmented responsibilities, and pressure to announce rapid results. These constraints can privilege visible outputs over durable outcomes.
Paragraph 3. The consequences are not merely technical. A measure may improve an average while worsening conditions for a vulnerable group; it may solve one stage of a problem while transferring costs to another; or it may create dependence on systems that local institutions cannot maintain.
Paragraph 4. A more credible approach begins by defining the problem with affected people, testing assumptions, comparing alternatives, and monitoring unintended effects. Although this process is slower, it makes adaptation possible when conditions change. In complex systems, the quality of learning can be as important as the apparent certainty of an initial plan.
The phrase ‘privilege visible outputs’ in paragraph 2 could best be replaced by ______.
A. guarantee that benefits will last
B. give priority to results that are easy to display
C. hide outcomes from public review
D. remove every measurable result
Câu 33.
[I] Efforts to address antimicrobial resistance have expanded as its links to wider social, environmental, and institutional outcomes have become clearer. [II] Yet expansion has also exposed a recurring mistake: success is often measured through a single convenient indicator. [III] For that reason, an apparently efficient intervention may fail when it ignores who bears the costs and who can influence decisions. [IV]
Paragraph 2. Several forces encourage narrow decision-making. Agencies may face short funding cycles, incomplete data, fragmented responsibilities, and pressure to announce rapid results. These constraints can privilege visible outputs over durable outcomes.
Paragraph 3. The consequences are not merely technical. A measure may improve an average while worsening conditions for a vulnerable group; it may solve one stage of a problem while transferring costs to another; or it may create dependence on systems that local institutions cannot maintain.
Paragraph 4. A more credible approach begins by defining the problem with affected people, testing assumptions, comparing alternatives, and monitoring unintended effects. Although this process is slower, it makes adaptation possible when conditions change. In complex systems, the quality of learning can be as important as the apparent certainty of an initial plan.
The word ‘These’ in paragraph 2 refers to ______.
A. complex systems
B. durable outcomes
C. short funding cycles, incomplete data, fragmented duties, and pressure for quick results
D. affected people
Câu 34.
[I] Efforts to address antimicrobial resistance have expanded as its links to wider social, environmental, and institutional outcomes have become clearer. [II] Yet expansion has also exposed a recurring mistake: success is often measured through a single convenient indicator. [III] For that reason, an apparently efficient intervention may fail when it ignores who bears the costs and who can influence decisions. [IV]
Paragraph 2. Several forces encourage narrow decision-making. Agencies may face short funding cycles, incomplete data, fragmented responsibilities, and pressure to announce rapid results. These constraints can privilege visible outputs over durable outcomes.
Paragraph 3. The consequences are not merely technical. A measure may improve an average while worsening conditions for a vulnerable group; it may solve one stage of a problem while transferring costs to another; or it may create dependence on systems that local institutions cannot maintain.
Paragraph 4. A more credible approach begins by defining the problem with affected people, testing assumptions, comparing alternatives, and monitoring unintended effects. Although this process is slower, it makes adaptation possible when conditions change. In complex systems, the quality of learning can be as important as the apparent certainty of an initial plan.
According to paragraph 2, which of the following is NOT a force behind narrow decisions?
A. Long-term institutional learning
B. Short funding cycles
C. Pressure for rapid results
D. Fragmented responsibilities
Câu 35.
[I] Efforts to address antimicrobial resistance have expanded as its links to wider social, environmental, and institutional outcomes have become clearer. [II] Yet expansion has also exposed a recurring mistake: success is often measured through a single convenient indicator. [III] For that reason, an apparently efficient intervention may fail when it ignores who bears the costs and who can influence decisions. [IV]
Paragraph 2. Several forces encourage narrow decision-making. Agencies may face short funding cycles, incomplete data, fragmented responsibilities, and pressure to announce rapid results. These constraints can privilege visible outputs over durable outcomes.
Paragraph 3. The consequences are not merely technical. A measure may improve an average while worsening conditions for a vulnerable group; it may solve one stage of a problem while transferring costs to another; or it may create dependence on systems that local institutions cannot maintain.
Paragraph 4. A more credible approach begins by defining the problem with affected people, testing assumptions, comparing alternatives, and monitoring unintended effects. Although this process is slower, it makes adaptation possible when conditions change. In complex systems, the quality of learning can be as important as the apparent certainty of an initial plan.
Which option best summarises paragraph 3?
A. A seemingly successful measure can redistribute harm or create new weaknesses.
B. Average improvement proves that no one is disadvantaged.
C. Maintenance capacity is unrelated to policy effectiveness.
D. Technical measures always benefit vulnerable groups first.
Câu 36.
[I] Efforts to address antimicrobial resistance have expanded as its links to wider social, environmental, and institutional outcomes have become clearer. [II] Yet expansion has also exposed a recurring mistake: success is often measured through a single convenient indicator. [III] For that reason, an apparently efficient intervention may fail when it ignores who bears the costs and who can influence decisions. [IV]
Paragraph 2. Several forces encourage narrow decision-making. Agencies may face short funding cycles, incomplete data, fragmented responsibilities, and pressure to announce rapid results. These constraints can privilege visible outputs over durable outcomes.
Paragraph 3. The consequences are not merely technical. A measure may improve an average while worsening conditions for a vulnerable group; it may solve one stage of a problem while transferring costs to another; or it may create dependence on systems that local institutions cannot maintain.
Paragraph 4. A more credible approach begins by defining the problem with affected people, testing assumptions, comparing alternatives, and monitoring unintended effects. Although this process is slower, it makes adaptation possible when conditions change. In complex systems, the quality of learning can be as important as the apparent certainty of an initial plan.
The word ‘credible’ in paragraph 4 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ______.
A. defensible
B. trustworthy
C. unconvincing
D. reliable
Câu 37.
[I] Efforts to address antimicrobial resistance have expanded as its links to wider social, environmental, and institutional outcomes have become clearer. [II] Yet expansion has also exposed a recurring mistake: success is often measured through a single convenient indicator. [III] For that reason, an apparently efficient intervention may fail when it ignores who bears the costs and who can influence decisions. [IV]
Paragraph 2. Several forces encourage narrow decision-making. Agencies may face short funding cycles, incomplete data, fragmented responsibilities, and pressure to announce rapid results. These constraints can privilege visible outputs over durable outcomes.
Paragraph 3. The consequences are not merely technical. A measure may improve an average while worsening conditions for a vulnerable group; it may solve one stage of a problem while transferring costs to another; or it may create dependence on systems that local institutions cannot maintain.
Paragraph 4. A more credible approach begins by defining the problem with affected people, testing assumptions, comparing alternatives, and monitoring unintended effects. Although this process is slower, it makes adaptation possible when conditions change. In complex systems, the quality of learning can be as important as the apparent certainty of an initial plan.
Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. A single indicator is sufficient in complex systems.
B. Rapid announcements usually produce durable outcomes.
C. Monitoring unintended effects helps programmes adapt when circumstances change.
D. Consultation should occur only after a programme has ended.
Câu 38.
[I] Efforts to address antimicrobial resistance have expanded as its links to wider social, environmental, and institutional outcomes have become clearer. [II] Yet expansion has also exposed a recurring mistake: success is often measured through a single convenient indicator. [III] For that reason, an apparently efficient intervention may fail when it ignores who bears the costs and who can influence decisions. [IV]
Paragraph 2. Several forces encourage narrow decision-making. Agencies may face short funding cycles, incomplete data, fragmented responsibilities, and pressure to announce rapid results. These constraints can privilege visible outputs over durable outcomes.
Paragraph 3. The consequences are not merely technical. A measure may improve an average while worsening conditions for a vulnerable group; it may solve one stage of a problem while transferring costs to another; or it may create dependence on systems that local institutions cannot maintain.
Paragraph 4. A more credible approach begins by defining the problem with affected people, testing assumptions, comparing alternatives, and monitoring unintended effects. Although this process is slower, it makes adaptation possible when conditions change. In complex systems, the quality of learning can be as important as the apparent certainty of an initial plan.
Which option best paraphrases the final sentence of the passage?
A. Initial plans should never be revised once implementation begins.
B. Complex systems become simple when enough indicators are collected.
C. Learning is useful only when an initial plan completely fails.
D. In complicated situations, the ability to learn may matter as much as confidence in the first design.
Câu 39.
[I] Efforts to address antimicrobial resistance have expanded as its links to wider social, environmental, and institutional outcomes have become clearer. [II] Yet expansion has also exposed a recurring mistake: success is often measured through a single convenient indicator. [III] For that reason, an apparently efficient intervention may fail when it ignores who bears the costs and who can influence decisions. [IV]
Paragraph 2. Several forces encourage narrow decision-making. Agencies may face short funding cycles, incomplete data, fragmented responsibilities, and pressure to announce rapid results. These constraints can privilege visible outputs over durable outcomes.
Paragraph 3. The consequences are not merely technical. A measure may improve an average while worsening conditions for a vulnerable group; it may solve one stage of a problem while transferring costs to another; or it may create dependence on systems that local institutions cannot maintain.
Paragraph 4. A more credible approach begins by defining the problem with affected people, testing assumptions, comparing alternatives, and monitoring unintended effects. Although this process is slower, it makes adaptation possible when conditions change. In complex systems, the quality of learning can be as important as the apparent certainty of an initial plan.
What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Affected groups necessarily agree on every policy choice.
B. Quantitative indicators should be eliminated from evaluation.
C. The slowest programme is always the most effective.
D. Programmes that look efficient in the short term may be fragile if they ignore governance and maintenance.
Câu 40.
[I] Efforts to address antimicrobial resistance have expanded as its links to wider social, environmental, and institutional outcomes have become clearer. [II] Yet expansion has also exposed a recurring mistake: success is often measured through a single convenient indicator. [III] For that reason, an apparently efficient intervention may fail when it ignores who bears the costs and who can influence decisions. [IV]
Paragraph 2. Several forces encourage narrow decision-making. Agencies may face short funding cycles, incomplete data, fragmented responsibilities, and pressure to announce rapid results. These constraints can privilege visible outputs over durable outcomes.
Paragraph 3. The consequences are not merely technical. A measure may improve an average while worsening conditions for a vulnerable group; it may solve one stage of a problem while transferring costs to another; or it may create dependence on systems that local institutions cannot maintain.
Paragraph 4. A more credible approach begins by defining the problem with affected people, testing assumptions, comparing alternatives, and monitoring unintended effects. Although this process is slower, it makes adaptation possible when conditions change. In complex systems, the quality of learning can be as important as the apparent certainty of an initial plan.
Which option best summarises the passage?
A. Technical expertise alone can resolve antimicrobial resistance without attention to distribution or institutions.
B. Addressing antimicrobial resistance requires broader evaluation, participation, comparison of alternatives, and continuous learning rather than reliance on one convenient indicator.
C. Because antimicrobial resistance is complex, governments should postpone action until complete data are available.
D. The best way to address antimicrobial resistance is to select the fastest measurable intervention and avoid later changes.
