Đề luyện thi tốt nghiệp THPT môn Tiếng Anh nâng cao số 20
⏱ 50 phút📝 40 câu✅ Đã làm 0/40
Thời gian
50:00
Câu 1/40Đáp án được lưu tự động
1
Many students assume that evaluating digital identity systems is simply choosing a complicated password. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. A cybersecurity learning centre has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘Verify by Design’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (1).
Chọn một đáp án
Đề luyện thi tốt nghiệp THPT
Đề luyện thi tốt nghiệp THPT môn Tiếng Anh nâng cao số 20
Thời gian làm bài: 50 phút
1
Many students assume that evaluating digital identity systems is simply choosing a complicated password. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. A cybersecurity learning centre has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘Verify by Design’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (1).
Chọn một đáp án
2
Many students assume that evaluating digital identity systems is simply choosing a complicated password. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. A cybersecurity learning centre has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘Verify by Design’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (2).
Chọn một đáp án
3
Many students assume that evaluating digital identity systems is simply choosing a complicated password. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. A cybersecurity learning centre has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘Verify by Design’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (3).
Chọn một đáp án
4
Many students assume that evaluating digital identity systems is simply choosing a complicated password. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. A cybersecurity learning centre has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘Verify by Design’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (4).
Chọn một đáp án
5
Many students assume that evaluating digital identity systems is simply choosing a complicated password. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. A cybersecurity learning centre has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘Verify by Design’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (5).
Chọn một đáp án
6
Many students assume that evaluating digital identity systems is simply choosing a complicated password. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. A cybersecurity learning centre has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘Verify by Design’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (6).
Chọn một đáp án
7
Make Research Reusable Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ ethical and technical constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (7).
Chọn một đáp án
8
Make Research Reusable Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ ethical and technical constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (8).
Chọn một đáp án
9
Make Research Reusable Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ ethical and technical constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (9).
Chọn một đáp án
10
Make Research Reusable Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ ethical and technical constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (10).
Chọn một đáp án
11
Make Research Reusable Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ ethical and technical constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (11).
Chọn một đáp án
12
Make Research Reusable Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ ethical and technical constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (12).
Chọn một đáp án
13
Choose the best arrangement of the following utterances to make a meaningful exchange. a. Mai: That sounds worthwhile. What will you focus on there? b. Khoa: I have registered for a workshop on phishing-resistant authentication at the national cyber education lab. c. Khoa: We will learn how to compare passwords, passkeys, and multi-factor methods.
Chọn một đáp án
14
Choose the best arrangement of the following utterances to make a meaningful exchange. a. Linh: Why did you choose that particular session? b. Tuan: I am considering the advanced session on phishing-resistant authentication. c. Tuan: Because it teaches participants to compare passwords, passkeys, and multi-factor methods. d. Linh: I see. Does it mention any difficulties? e. Tuan: Yes. It warns that secure systems can still fail through poor recovery procedures.
Chọn một đáp án
15
Choose the best arrangement of the following sentences to make a meaningful email. Hi Alex, a. Please let me know by Thursday whether you can join us. b. Last week, our class completed a preliminary activity on phishing-resistant authentication. c. I am writing to invite you to the follow-up session at the national cyber education lab. d. The discussion was demanding because secure systems can still fail through poor recovery procedures. e. The next session will show us how to compare passwords, passkeys, and multi-factor methods.
Chọn một đáp án
16
Choose the best arrangement of the following sentences to make a meaningful paragraph. a. For example, learners can examine a realistic case involving phishing-resistant authentication before proposing a response. b. Case-based learning can make lessons on phishing-resistant authentication more intellectually demanding. c. It requires students to connect evidence, assumptions, and possible consequences. d. However, the teacher must provide sufficient background and clearly defined criteria. e. With that support, students can practise reasoning rather than merely recall isolated facts.
Chọn một đáp án
17
Choose the best arrangement of the following sentences to make a meaningful paragraph. a. Nevertheless, secure systems can still fail through poor recovery procedures. b. Interest in phishing-resistant authentication has increased as its consequences have become more visible. c. This interest has encouraged schools and community organisations to offer specialised activities. d. In response, organisers are adding preliminary guidance and supervised practice. e. As a result, participants can tackle difficult material without being expected to master it immediately.
Chọn một đáp án
18
A passwordless campus login service, once confined largely to specialist settings, is beginning to enter public service. A pilot system (18) ______. Since that demonstration, it has been evaluated in several real-world environments. The project is coordinated by a university security engineering team, (19) ______. (20) ______. Its designers therefore invited users and frontline staff to test early versions. (21) ______. What distinguishes the system, however, is its ability to use device-bound cryptographic credentials rather than shared secrets. Equipped with specialised sensors and decision rules, (22) ______. The developers emphasise that it still requires secure enrolment, recovery, and user education.
Choose the option that best fits blank (18).
Chọn một đáp án
19
A passwordless campus login service, once confined largely to specialist settings, is beginning to enter public service. A pilot system (18) ______. Since that demonstration, it has been evaluated in several real-world environments. The project is coordinated by a university security engineering team, (19) ______. (20) ______. Its designers therefore invited users and frontline staff to test early versions. (21) ______. What distinguishes the system, however, is its ability to use device-bound cryptographic credentials rather than shared secrets. Equipped with specialised sensors and decision rules, (22) ______. The developers emphasise that it still requires secure enrolment, recovery, and user education.
Choose the option that best fits blank (19).
Chọn một đáp án
20
A passwordless campus login service, once confined largely to specialist settings, is beginning to enter public service. A pilot system (18) ______. Since that demonstration, it has been evaluated in several real-world environments. The project is coordinated by a university security engineering team, (19) ______. (20) ______. Its designers therefore invited users and frontline staff to test early versions. (21) ______. What distinguishes the system, however, is its ability to use device-bound cryptographic credentials rather than shared secrets. Equipped with specialised sensors and decision rules, (22) ______. The developers emphasise that it still requires secure enrolment, recovery, and user education.
Choose the option that best fits blank (20).
Chọn một đáp án
21
A passwordless campus login service, once confined largely to specialist settings, is beginning to enter public service. A pilot system (18) ______. Since that demonstration, it has been evaluated in several real-world environments. The project is coordinated by a university security engineering team, (19) ______. (20) ______. Its designers therefore invited users and frontline staff to test early versions. (21) ______. What distinguishes the system, however, is its ability to use device-bound cryptographic credentials rather than shared secrets. Equipped with specialised sensors and decision rules, (22) ______. The developers emphasise that it still requires secure enrolment, recovery, and user education.
Choose the option that best fits blank (21).
Chọn một đáp án
22
A passwordless campus login service, once confined largely to specialist settings, is beginning to enter public service. A pilot system (18) ______. Since that demonstration, it has been evaluated in several real-world environments. The project is coordinated by a university security engineering team, (19) ______. (20) ______. Its designers therefore invited users and frontline staff to test early versions. (21) ______. What distinguishes the system, however, is its ability to use device-bound cryptographic credentials rather than shared secrets. Equipped with specialised sensors and decision rules, (22) ______. The developers emphasise that it still requires secure enrolment, recovery, and user education.
Choose the option that best fits blank (22).
Chọn một đáp án
23
Phishing-resistant authentication has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine using cryptographic credentials, verifying the legitimate service, and protecting account recovery. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Service providers and users must reduce the value of stolen passwords and deceptive login pages. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because phishing sites can capture shared secrets, methods that verify the real service can reduce that risk.
A persistent obstacle is that weak enrolment or recovery processes can undermine otherwise strong authentication. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Secure account recovery is part of authentication security, not an afterthought.
Modern practice increasingly uses passkeys and hardware-backed multi-factor authentication. In particular, public-key credentials stored on trusted devices can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Removing passwords can reduce one major weakness, but it does not remove the need for careful system design.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by cybersecurity standards organisations.)
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a component of an effective response?
Chọn một đáp án
24
Phishing-resistant authentication has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine using cryptographic credentials, verifying the legitimate service, and protecting account recovery. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Service providers and users must reduce the value of stolen passwords and deceptive login pages. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because phishing sites can capture shared secrets, methods that verify the real service can reduce that risk.
A persistent obstacle is that weak enrolment or recovery processes can undermine otherwise strong authentication. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Secure account recovery is part of authentication security, not an afterthought.
Modern practice increasingly uses passkeys and hardware-backed multi-factor authentication. In particular, public-key credentials stored on trusted devices can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Removing passwords can reduce one major weakness, but it does not remove the need for careful system design.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by cybersecurity standards organisations.)
The word ‘temporary’ in paragraph 1 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ______.
Chọn một đáp án
25
Phishing-resistant authentication has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine using cryptographic credentials, verifying the legitimate service, and protecting account recovery. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Service providers and users must reduce the value of stolen passwords and deceptive login pages. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because phishing sites can capture shared secrets, methods that verify the real service can reduce that risk.
A persistent obstacle is that weak enrolment or recovery processes can undermine otherwise strong authentication. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Secure account recovery is part of authentication security, not an afterthought.
Modern practice increasingly uses passkeys and hardware-backed multi-factor authentication. In particular, public-key credentials stored on trusted devices can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Removing passwords can reduce one major weakness, but it does not remove the need for careful system design.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by cybersecurity standards organisations.)
The word ‘Their’ in paragraph 2 refers to ______.
Chọn một đáp án
26
Phishing-resistant authentication has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine using cryptographic credentials, verifying the legitimate service, and protecting account recovery. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Service providers and users must reduce the value of stolen passwords and deceptive login pages. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because phishing sites can capture shared secrets, methods that verify the real service can reduce that risk.
A persistent obstacle is that weak enrolment or recovery processes can undermine otherwise strong authentication. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Secure account recovery is part of authentication security, not an afterthought.
Modern practice increasingly uses passkeys and hardware-backed multi-factor authentication. In particular, public-key credentials stored on trusted devices can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Removing passwords can reduce one major weakness, but it does not remove the need for careful system design.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by cybersecurity standards organisations.)
The word ‘persistent’ in paragraph 3 could best be replaced by ______.
Chọn một đáp án
27
Phishing-resistant authentication has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine using cryptographic credentials, verifying the legitimate service, and protecting account recovery. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Service providers and users must reduce the value of stolen passwords and deceptive login pages. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because phishing sites can capture shared secrets, methods that verify the real service can reduce that risk.
A persistent obstacle is that weak enrolment or recovery processes can undermine otherwise strong authentication. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Secure account recovery is part of authentication security, not an afterthought.
Modern practice increasingly uses passkeys and hardware-backed multi-factor authentication. In particular, public-key credentials stored on trusted devices can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Removing passwords can reduce one major weakness, but it does not remove the need for careful system design.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by cybersecurity standards organisations.)
Which of the following best paraphrases the final sentence?
Chọn một đáp án
28
Phishing-resistant authentication has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine using cryptographic credentials, verifying the legitimate service, and protecting account recovery. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Service providers and users must reduce the value of stolen passwords and deceptive login pages. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because phishing sites can capture shared secrets, methods that verify the real service can reduce that risk.
A persistent obstacle is that weak enrolment or recovery processes can undermine otherwise strong authentication. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Secure account recovery is part of authentication security, not an afterthought.
Modern practice increasingly uses passkeys and hardware-backed multi-factor authentication. In particular, public-key credentials stored on trusted devices can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Removing passwords can reduce one major weakness, but it does not remove the need for careful system design.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by cybersecurity standards organisations.)
Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
Chọn một đáp án
29
Phishing-resistant authentication has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine using cryptographic credentials, verifying the legitimate service, and protecting account recovery. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Service providers and users must reduce the value of stolen passwords and deceptive login pages. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because phishing sites can capture shared secrets, methods that verify the real service can reduce that risk.
A persistent obstacle is that weak enrolment or recovery processes can undermine otherwise strong authentication. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Secure account recovery is part of authentication security, not an afterthought.
Modern practice increasingly uses passkeys and hardware-backed multi-factor authentication. In particular, public-key credentials stored on trusted devices can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Removing passwords can reduce one major weakness, but it does not remove the need for careful system design.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by cybersecurity standards organisations.)
In which paragraph does the writer explain a causal relationship affecting the choices of key actors?
Chọn một đáp án
30
Phishing-resistant authentication has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine using cryptographic credentials, verifying the legitimate service, and protecting account recovery. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Service providers and users must reduce the value of stolen passwords and deceptive login pages. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because phishing sites can capture shared secrets, methods that verify the real service can reduce that risk.
A persistent obstacle is that weak enrolment or recovery processes can undermine otherwise strong authentication. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Secure account recovery is part of authentication security, not an afterthought.
Modern practice increasingly uses passkeys and hardware-backed multi-factor authentication. In particular, public-key credentials stored on trusted devices can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Removing passwords can reduce one major weakness, but it does not remove the need for careful system design.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by cybersecurity standards organisations.)
In which paragraph does the writer discuss modern tools for detecting patterns and supporting earlier action?
Chọn một đáp án
31
[I] Research data may be difficult to interpret when methods, formats, and context are missing. [II] As a result, other researchers cannot easily verify findings or reuse observations. [III] A credible response centres on clear metadata, documented methods, appropriate licences, and durable repositories. [IV]
Implementation depends on machine-readable formats, ethical and privacy safeguards, and persistent documentation. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Poor documentation can waste public investment and make scientific verification harder. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Open data may still require limits to protect privacy, security, or community rights. The discussion also suggests that Openness is valuable only when data are understandable and responsibly governed.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UNESCO and open-science organisations.)
Where in paragraph 1 does the following sentence best fit? ‘Yet the benefits depend on careful design rather than on the label attached to a project.’
Chọn một đáp án
32
[I] Research data may be difficult to interpret when methods, formats, and context are missing. [II] As a result, other researchers cannot easily verify findings or reuse observations. [III] A credible response centres on clear metadata, documented methods, appropriate licences, and durable repositories. [IV]
Implementation depends on machine-readable formats, ethical and privacy safeguards, and persistent documentation. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Poor documentation can waste public investment and make scientific verification harder. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Open data may still require limits to protect privacy, security, or community rights. The discussion also suggests that Openness is valuable only when data are understandable and responsibly governed.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UNESCO and open-science organisations.)
The phrase ‘far-reaching’ in paragraph 3 could best be replaced by ______.
Chọn một đáp án
33
[I] Research data may be difficult to interpret when methods, formats, and context are missing. [II] As a result, other researchers cannot easily verify findings or reuse observations. [III] A credible response centres on clear metadata, documented methods, appropriate licences, and durable repositories. [IV]
Implementation depends on machine-readable formats, ethical and privacy safeguards, and persistent documentation. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Poor documentation can waste public investment and make scientific verification harder. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Open data may still require limits to protect privacy, security, or community rights. The discussion also suggests that Openness is valuable only when data are understandable and responsibly governed.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UNESCO and open-science organisations.)
The expression ‘These factors’ in paragraph 2 refers to ______.
Chọn một đáp án
34
[I] Research data may be difficult to interpret when methods, formats, and context are missing. [II] As a result, other researchers cannot easily verify findings or reuse observations. [III] A credible response centres on clear metadata, documented methods, appropriate licences, and durable repositories. [IV]
Implementation depends on machine-readable formats, ethical and privacy safeguards, and persistent documentation. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Poor documentation can waste public investment and make scientific verification harder. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Open data may still require limits to protect privacy, security, or community rights. The discussion also suggests that Openness is valuable only when data are understandable and responsibly governed.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UNESCO and open-science organisations.)
According to paragraph 2, which of the following is NOT an implementation factor?
Chọn một đáp án
35
[I] Research data may be difficult to interpret when methods, formats, and context are missing. [II] As a result, other researchers cannot easily verify findings or reuse observations. [III] A credible response centres on clear metadata, documented methods, appropriate licences, and durable repositories. [IV]
Implementation depends on machine-readable formats, ethical and privacy safeguards, and persistent documentation. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Poor documentation can waste public investment and make scientific verification harder. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Open data may still require limits to protect privacy, security, or community rights. The discussion also suggests that Openness is valuable only when data are understandable and responsibly governed.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UNESCO and open-science organisations.)
Which of the following best summarises paragraph 3?
Chọn một đáp án
36
[I] Research data may be difficult to interpret when methods, formats, and context are missing. [II] As a result, other researchers cannot easily verify findings or reuse observations. [III] A credible response centres on clear metadata, documented methods, appropriate licences, and durable repositories. [IV]
Implementation depends on machine-readable formats, ethical and privacy safeguards, and persistent documentation. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Poor documentation can waste public investment and make scientific verification harder. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Open data may still require limits to protect privacy, security, or community rights. The discussion also suggests that Openness is valuable only when data are understandable and responsibly governed.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UNESCO and open-science organisations.)
The word ‘continuous’ in paragraph 2 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ______.
Chọn một đáp án
37
[I] Research data may be difficult to interpret when methods, formats, and context are missing. [II] As a result, other researchers cannot easily verify findings or reuse observations. [III] A credible response centres on clear metadata, documented methods, appropriate licences, and durable repositories. [IV]
Implementation depends on machine-readable formats, ethical and privacy safeguards, and persistent documentation. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Poor documentation can waste public investment and make scientific verification harder. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Open data may still require limits to protect privacy, security, or community rights. The discussion also suggests that Openness is valuable only when data are understandable and responsibly governed.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UNESCO and open-science organisations.)
Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
Chọn một đáp án
38
[I] Research data may be difficult to interpret when methods, formats, and context are missing. [II] As a result, other researchers cannot easily verify findings or reuse observations. [III] A credible response centres on clear metadata, documented methods, appropriate licences, and durable repositories. [IV]
Implementation depends on machine-readable formats, ethical and privacy safeguards, and persistent documentation. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Poor documentation can waste public investment and make scientific verification harder. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Open data may still require limits to protect privacy, security, or community rights. The discussion also suggests that Openness is valuable only when data are understandable and responsibly governed.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UNESCO and open-science organisations.)
Which of the following best paraphrases the main idea of paragraph 4?
Chọn một đáp án
39
[I] Research data may be difficult to interpret when methods, formats, and context are missing. [II] As a result, other researchers cannot easily verify findings or reuse observations. [III] A credible response centres on clear metadata, documented methods, appropriate licences, and durable repositories. [IV]
Implementation depends on machine-readable formats, ethical and privacy safeguards, and persistent documentation. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Poor documentation can waste public investment and make scientific verification harder. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Open data may still require limits to protect privacy, security, or community rights. The discussion also suggests that Openness is valuable only when data are understandable and responsibly governed.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UNESCO and open-science organisations.)
Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
Chọn một đáp án
40
[I] Research data may be difficult to interpret when methods, formats, and context are missing. [II] As a result, other researchers cannot easily verify findings or reuse observations. [III] A credible response centres on clear metadata, documented methods, appropriate licences, and durable repositories. [IV]
Implementation depends on machine-readable formats, ethical and privacy safeguards, and persistent documentation. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Poor documentation can waste public investment and make scientific verification harder. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Open data may still require limits to protect privacy, security, or community rights. The discussion also suggests that Openness is valuable only when data are understandable and responsibly governed.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UNESCO and open-science organisations.)
Which of the following best summarises the passage?
Chọn một đáp án
Thông tin đề
Cách sử dụng Đề luyện thi tốt nghiệp THPT môn Tiếng Anh nâng cao số 20
Trước khi làm: chuẩn bị giấy nháp, giữ đúng thời lượng 50 phút và hạn chế mở tài liệu để kết quả phản ánh đúng mức hiện tại.
Trong khi làm: câu trả lời được lưu tự động trên trình duyệt. Bạn có thể chuyển giữa chế độ từng câu và khổ A4 mà không mất lựa chọn đã nhập.
Sau khi nộp: xem điểm, đáp án đúng và phần giải thích. Hãy ghi lại nhóm lỗi sai để quyết định chuyên đề cần ôn lại trước đề tiếp theo.
Tự học sau khi làm đề
Đáp án và giải thích từng câu
Phần này giúp bạn rà soát lại kiến thức sau khi đã thử làm đề. Mỗi mục giữ nguyên nội dung câu hỏi, đáp án đúng và lời giải có trong dữ liệu gốc.
1Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 1
Many students assume that evaluating digital identity systems is simply choosing a complicated password. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. A cybersecurity learning centre has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘Verify by Design’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (1).
A.intellectually demand
B.security-critical
C.intellectual demand
D.demanded intellectually
Đáp án: B
Giải thích:Sau ‘genuinely’ cần một tính từ hoặc cụm tính từ hoàn chỉnh; ‘security-critical’ phù hợp cả ngữ pháp lẫn nghĩa.
2Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 2
Many students assume that evaluating digital identity systems is simply choosing a complicated password. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. A cybersecurity learning centre has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘Verify by Design’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (2).
A.privacy-preserving trust digital programme
B.privacy-preserving trust programme digital
C.privacy-preserving digital trust programme
D.privacy-preserving digital programme trust
Đáp án: C
Giải thích:Trật tự đúng của cụm danh từ là ‘privacy-preserving digital trust programme’, trong đó các từ bổ nghĩa đứng trước danh từ chính ‘programme’.
3Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 3
Many students assume that evaluating digital identity systems is simply choosing a complicated password. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. A cybersecurity learning centre has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘Verify by Design’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (3).
A.covering
B.covered
C.to cover
D.covers
Đáp án: D
Giải thích:Chủ ngữ của mệnh đề quan hệ là danh từ số ít ‘a briefing’, nên cần động từ hiện tại đơn ngôi thứ ba số ít ‘covers’.
4Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 4
Many students assume that evaluating digital identity systems is simply choosing a complicated password. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. A cybersecurity learning centre has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘Verify by Design’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (4).
A.to
B.for
C.with
D.at
Đáp án: A
Giải thích:Cụm ‘be tailored to’ yêu cầu giới từ ‘to’.
5Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 5
Many students assume that evaluating digital identity systems is simply choosing a complicated password. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. A cybersecurity learning centre has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘Verify by Design’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (5).
A.take threat-modelling skills
B.improve threat-modelling skills
C.do threat-modelling skills
D.make threat-modelling skills
Đáp án: B
Giải thích:‘improve threat-modelling skills’ là kết hợp từ tự nhiên và phù hợp nhất với mục tiêu phát triển năng lực trong câu.
6Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 6
Many students assume that evaluating digital identity systems is simply choosing a complicated password. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. A cybersecurity learning centre has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘Verify by Design’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (6).
A.the balancing convenience and security
B.having balancing convenience and security
C.balancing convenience and security
D.to balancing convenience and security
Đáp án: C
Giải thích:Sau ‘be accustomed to’, ‘to’ là giới từ nên phải dùng danh động từ hoặc cụm danh động từ: ‘balancing convenience and security’.
7Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 7
Make Research Reusable Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ ethical and technical constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (7).
A.others
B.another
C.the others
D.other
Đáp án: D
Giải thích:‘Other’ đứng trước cụm danh từ số nhiều ‘constraints’; các lựa chọn còn lại không phù hợp cấu trúc.
8Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 8
Make Research Reusable Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ ethical and technical constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (8).
A.brush aside
B.carry out
C.bring about
D.come across
Đáp án: A
Giải thích:‘Brush aside evidence’ nghĩa là gạt bỏ hoặc xem nhẹ bằng chứng; các cụm còn lại không phù hợp ngữ nghĩa.
9Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 9
Make Research Reusable Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ ethical and technical constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (9).
A.consequence
B.consequences
C.consequent
D.consequently
Đáp án: B
Giải thích:Sau ‘serious long-term’ cần danh từ đếm được số nhiều; ‘consequences’ phù hợp cả ngữ pháp lẫn nghĩa.
10Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 10
Make Research Reusable Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ ethical and technical constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (10).
A.In case of
B.Apart from
C.Instead of
D.Owing to
Đáp án: C
Giải thích:‘Instead of’ tạo quan hệ thay thế/đối chiếu: không dựa vào một quan sát mà nên so sánh nhiều nguồn.
11Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 11
Make Research Reusable Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ ethical and technical constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (11).
A.amount
B.quality
C.level
D.likelihood
Đáp án: D
Giải thích:Cụm ‘the likelihood of doing something’ diễn đạt xác suất hoặc khả năng xảy ra một kết quả.
12Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 12
Make Research Reusable Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ ethical and technical constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (12).
A.records
B.substances
C.factors
D.amounts
Đáp án: A
Giải thích:‘Records’ phù hợp với động từ ‘organise’ và ý lưu lại dữ liệu để quyết định sau này có thể được kiểm tra.
13Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 13
Choose the best arrangement of the following utterances to make a meaningful exchange. a. Mai: That sounds worthwhile. What will you focus on there? b. Khoa: I have registered for a workshop on phishing-resistant authentication at the national cyber education lab. c. Khoa: We will learn how to compare passwords, passkeys, and multi-factor methods.
A.c – a – b
B.a – b – c
C.b – c – a
D.b – a – c
Đáp án: D
Giải thích:Câu b mở đầu bằng thông tin đăng ký; câu a hỏi trọng tâm; câu c trả lời trực tiếp.
14Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 14
Choose the best arrangement of the following utterances to make a meaningful exchange. a. Linh: Why did you choose that particular session? b. Tuan: I am considering the advanced session on phishing-resistant authentication. c. Tuan: Because it teaches participants to compare passwords, passkeys, and multi-factor methods. d. Linh: I see. Does it mention any difficulties? e. Tuan: Yes. It warns that secure systems can still fail through poor recovery procedures.
A.b – a – c – d – e
B.d – b – a – e – c
C.a – b – c – e – d
D.b – c – a – d – e
Đáp án: A
Giải thích:Câu b nêu lựa chọn, a hỏi lý do, c giải thích, d hỏi thêm và e trả lời về khó khăn.
15Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 15
Choose the best arrangement of the following sentences to make a meaningful email. Hi Alex, a. Please let me know by Thursday whether you can join us. b. Last week, our class completed a preliminary activity on phishing-resistant authentication. c. I am writing to invite you to the follow-up session at the national cyber education lab. d. The discussion was demanding because secure systems can still fail through poor recovery procedures. e. The next session will show us how to compare passwords, passkeys, and multi-factor methods.
A.c – b – d – e – a
B.c – e – b – a – d
C.d – b – c – e – a
D.b – c – d – a – e
Đáp án: A
Giải thích:Câu c nêu mục đích thư; b và d nhắc hoạt động trước; e giới thiệu buổi tiếp theo; a yêu cầu hồi âm.
16Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 16
Choose the best arrangement of the following sentences to make a meaningful paragraph. a. For example, learners can examine a realistic case involving phishing-resistant authentication before proposing a response. b. Case-based learning can make lessons on phishing-resistant authentication more intellectually demanding. c. It requires students to connect evidence, assumptions, and possible consequences. d. However, the teacher must provide sufficient background and clearly defined criteria. e. With that support, students can practise reasoning rather than merely recall isolated facts.
A.b – a – c – d – e
B.d – b – c – a – e
C.b – c – a – d – e
D.a – b – d – c – e
Đáp án: C
Giải thích:Câu b là câu chủ đề; c giải thích yêu cầu tư duy; a đưa ví dụ; d nêu điều kiện; e kết luận.
17Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 17
Choose the best arrangement of the following sentences to make a meaningful paragraph. a. Nevertheless, secure systems can still fail through poor recovery procedures. b. Interest in phishing-resistant authentication has increased as its consequences have become more visible. c. This interest has encouraged schools and community organisations to offer specialised activities. d. In response, organisers are adding preliminary guidance and supervised practice. e. As a result, participants can tackle difficult material without being expected to master it immediately.
A.b – a – c – e – d
B.c – b – a – d – e
C.a – d – b – c – e
D.b – c – a – d – e
Đáp án: D
Giải thích:Câu b nêu xu hướng; c chỉ hệ quả; a chuyển sang khó khăn; d nêu phản ứng; e kết quả.
18Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 18
A passwordless campus login service, once confined largely to specialist settings, is beginning to enter public service. A pilot system (18) ______. Since that demonstration, it has been evaluated in several real-world environments. The project is coordinated by a university security engineering team, (19) ______. (20) ______. Its designers therefore invited users and frontline staff to test early versions. (21) ______. What distinguishes the system, however, is its ability to use device-bound cryptographic credentials rather than shared secrets. Equipped with specialised sensors and decision rules, (22) ______. The developers emphasise that it still requires secure enrolment, recovery, and user education.
Choose the option that best fits blank (18).
A.having first present during a controlled public trial in 2024
B.that its first presentation was during a controlled public trial in 2024
C.was first presented during a controlled public trial in 2024
D.which first presenting during a controlled public trial in 2024
Đáp án: C
Giải thích:Sau chủ ngữ cần một vị ngữ hoàn chỉnh ở thể bị động: ‘was first presented ...’.
19Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 19
A passwordless campus login service, once confined largely to specialist settings, is beginning to enter public service. A pilot system (18) ______. Since that demonstration, it has been evaluated in several real-world environments. The project is coordinated by a university security engineering team, (19) ______. (20) ______. Its designers therefore invited users and frontline staff to test early versions. (21) ______. What distinguishes the system, however, is its ability to use device-bound cryptographic credentials rather than shared secrets. Equipped with specialised sensors and decision rules, (22) ______. The developers emphasise that it still requires secure enrolment, recovery, and user education.
Choose the option that best fits blank (19).
A.which its team combines technical research with consultation from affected users
B.of which team combining technical research and consultation from affected users
C.succeeded to combine by technical research and affected users
D.whose team combines technical research with consultation from affected users
Đáp án: D
Giải thích:‘Whose team ...’ là mệnh đề quan hệ sở hữu đúng, bổ nghĩa cho tổ chức đứng trước.
20Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 20
A passwordless campus login service, once confined largely to specialist settings, is beginning to enter public service. A pilot system (18) ______. Since that demonstration, it has been evaluated in several real-world environments. The project is coordinated by a university security engineering team, (19) ______. (20) ______. Its designers therefore invited users and frontline staff to test early versions. (21) ______. What distinguishes the system, however, is its ability to use device-bound cryptographic credentials rather than shared secrets. Equipped with specialised sensors and decision rules, (22) ______. The developers emphasise that it still requires secure enrolment, recovery, and user education.
Choose the option that best fits blank (20).
A.Technical accuracy alone does not guarantee that a public system will be trusted or usable
B.Although technical accuracy alone guaranteeing a public system to trust and use
C.Technical accuracy alone, which does not a guarantee of public trust and usability
D.Having guaranteed public trust, technical accuracy alone is not
Đáp án: A
Giải thích:Cần một câu hoàn chỉnh, logic với phần sau nói về việc mời người dùng tham gia thử nghiệm.
21Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 21
A passwordless campus login service, once confined largely to specialist settings, is beginning to enter public service. A pilot system (18) ______. Since that demonstration, it has been evaluated in several real-world environments. The project is coordinated by a university security engineering team, (19) ______. (20) ______. Its designers therefore invited users and frontline staff to test early versions. (21) ______. What distinguishes the system, however, is its ability to use device-bound cryptographic credentials rather than shared secrets. Equipped with specialised sensors and decision rules, (22) ______. The developers emphasise that it still requires secure enrolment, recovery, and user education.
Choose the option that best fits blank (21).
A.Their feedback, which the changes in language, controls, and warning thresholds
B.Their feedback led to changes in language, controls, and warning thresholds
C.Having changed language, controls, and warning thresholds by their feedback
D.Language, controls, and warning thresholds led their feedback to change
Đáp án: B
Giải thích:Câu đúng có chủ ngữ ‘Their feedback’ và động từ ‘led to’, diễn đạt quan hệ nguyên nhân–kết quả rõ ràng.
22Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 22
A passwordless campus login service, once confined largely to specialist settings, is beginning to enter public service. A pilot system (18) ______. Since that demonstration, it has been evaluated in several real-world environments. The project is coordinated by a university security engineering team, (19) ______. (20) ______. Its designers therefore invited users and frontline staff to test early versions. (21) ______. What distinguishes the system, however, is its ability to use device-bound cryptographic credentials rather than shared secrets. Equipped with specialised sensors and decision rules, (22) ______. The developers emphasise that it still requires secure enrolment, recovery, and user education.
Choose the option that best fits blank (22).
A.the system, which use device-bound cryptographic credentials rather than shared secrets
B.there can the system use device-bound cryptographic credentials rather than shared secrets
C.the system can use device-bound cryptographic credentials rather than shared secrets
D.use device-bound cryptographic credentials rather than shared secrets can be the system
Đáp án: C
Giải thích:Cụm phân từ đầu câu ‘Equipped with ...’ phải bổ nghĩa cho chủ ngữ ‘the system’; phương án A tạo câu hoàn chỉnh và không bị lỗi chủ ngữ treo.
23Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 23
Phishing-resistant authentication has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine using cryptographic credentials, verifying the legitimate service, and protecting account recovery. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Service providers and users must reduce the value of stolen passwords and deceptive login pages. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because phishing sites can capture shared secrets, methods that verify the real service can reduce that risk.
A persistent obstacle is that weak enrolment or recovery processes can undermine otherwise strong authentication. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Secure account recovery is part of authentication security, not an afterthought.
Modern practice increasingly uses passkeys and hardware-backed multi-factor authentication. In particular, public-key credentials stored on trusted devices can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Removing passwords can reduce one major weakness, but it does not remove the need for careful system design.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by cybersecurity standards organisations.)
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a component of an effective response?
A.reusing the same password across unrelated services
B.verifying the legitimate service
C.protecting account recovery
D.using cryptographic credentials
Đáp án: A
Giải thích:Đoạn 1 nêu using cryptographic credentials, verifying the legitimate service và protecting account recovery; không nêu ‘reusing the same password across unrelated services’.
24Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 24
Phishing-resistant authentication has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine using cryptographic credentials, verifying the legitimate service, and protecting account recovery. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Service providers and users must reduce the value of stolen passwords and deceptive login pages. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because phishing sites can capture shared secrets, methods that verify the real service can reduce that risk.
A persistent obstacle is that weak enrolment or recovery processes can undermine otherwise strong authentication. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Secure account recovery is part of authentication security, not an afterthought.
Modern practice increasingly uses passkeys and hardware-backed multi-factor authentication. In particular, public-key credentials stored on trusted devices can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Removing passwords can reduce one major weakness, but it does not remove the need for careful system design.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by cybersecurity standards organisations.)
The word ‘temporary’ in paragraph 1 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ______.
A.lasting
B.limited
C.uncertain
D.partial
Đáp án: A
Giải thích:‘Temporary’ nghĩa là tạm thời; từ trái nghĩa phù hợp là ‘lasting’ (bền lâu).
25Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 25
Phishing-resistant authentication has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine using cryptographic credentials, verifying the legitimate service, and protecting account recovery. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Service providers and users must reduce the value of stolen passwords and deceptive login pages. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because phishing sites can capture shared secrets, methods that verify the real service can reduce that risk.
A persistent obstacle is that weak enrolment or recovery processes can undermine otherwise strong authentication. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Secure account recovery is part of authentication security, not an afterthought.
Modern practice increasingly uses passkeys and hardware-backed multi-factor authentication. In particular, public-key credentials stored on trusted devices can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Removing passwords can reduce one major weakness, but it does not remove the need for careful system design.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by cybersecurity standards organisations.)
The word ‘Their’ in paragraph 2 refers to ______.
A.modern practices
B.service providers and users
C.the consequences
D.individual incidents
Đáp án: B
Giải thích:‘Their’ chỉ chủ thể vừa được nhắc đến là ‘service providers and users’.
26Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 26
Phishing-resistant authentication has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine using cryptographic credentials, verifying the legitimate service, and protecting account recovery. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Service providers and users must reduce the value of stolen passwords and deceptive login pages. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because phishing sites can capture shared secrets, methods that verify the real service can reduce that risk.
A persistent obstacle is that weak enrolment or recovery processes can undermine otherwise strong authentication. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Secure account recovery is part of authentication security, not an afterthought.
Modern practice increasingly uses passkeys and hardware-backed multi-factor authentication. In particular, public-key credentials stored on trusted devices can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Removing passwords can reduce one major weakness, but it does not remove the need for careful system design.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by cybersecurity standards organisations.)
The word ‘persistent’ in paragraph 3 could best be replaced by ______.
A.accidental
B.invisible
C.continuing
D.minor
Đáp án: C
Giải thích:Trong ngữ cảnh, ‘persistent’ nghĩa là kéo dài hoặc tiếp diễn, gần nhất với ‘continuing’.
27Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 27
Phishing-resistant authentication has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine using cryptographic credentials, verifying the legitimate service, and protecting account recovery. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Service providers and users must reduce the value of stolen passwords and deceptive login pages. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because phishing sites can capture shared secrets, methods that verify the real service can reduce that risk.
A persistent obstacle is that weak enrolment or recovery processes can undermine otherwise strong authentication. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Secure account recovery is part of authentication security, not an afterthought.
Modern practice increasingly uses passkeys and hardware-backed multi-factor authentication. In particular, public-key credentials stored on trusted devices can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Removing passwords can reduce one major weakness, but it does not remove the need for careful system design.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by cybersecurity standards organisations.)
Which of the following best paraphrases the final sentence?
A.Technology automatically solves the problem once enough data are collected.
B.Human decisions are unnecessary when digital systems can detect patterns.
C.Local knowledge should be ignored because it slows technical action.
D.Removing passwords can reduce one major weakness, but it does not remove the need for careful system design.
Đáp án: D
Giải thích:Phương án A giữ nguyên ý: công nghệ hỗ trợ nhưng không thay thế chính sách, chuyên môn và hành vi có trách nhiệm.
28Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 28
Phishing-resistant authentication has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine using cryptographic credentials, verifying the legitimate service, and protecting account recovery. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Service providers and users must reduce the value of stolen passwords and deceptive login pages. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because phishing sites can capture shared secrets, methods that verify the real service can reduce that risk.
A persistent obstacle is that weak enrolment or recovery processes can undermine otherwise strong authentication. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Secure account recovery is part of authentication security, not an afterthought.
Modern practice increasingly uses passkeys and hardware-backed multi-factor authentication. In particular, public-key credentials stored on trusted devices can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Removing passwords can reduce one major weakness, but it does not remove the need for careful system design.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by cybersecurity standards organisations.)
Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A.Secure account recovery is part of authentication security, not an afterthought.
B.Reusing the same password across unrelated services.
C.A single isolated measure is always sufficient.
D.Uncertainty makes all preventive action pointless.
Đáp án: A
Giải thích:Phương án A được nêu trực tiếp trong đoạn 3; các lựa chọn còn lại trái với nội dung bài.
29Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 29
Phishing-resistant authentication has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine using cryptographic credentials, verifying the legitimate service, and protecting account recovery. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Service providers and users must reduce the value of stolen passwords and deceptive login pages. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because phishing sites can capture shared secrets, methods that verify the real service can reduce that risk.
A persistent obstacle is that weak enrolment or recovery processes can undermine otherwise strong authentication. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Secure account recovery is part of authentication security, not an afterthought.
Modern practice increasingly uses passkeys and hardware-backed multi-factor authentication. In particular, public-key credentials stored on trusted devices can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Removing passwords can reduce one major weakness, but it does not remove the need for careful system design.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by cybersecurity standards organisations.)
In which paragraph does the writer explain a causal relationship affecting the choices of key actors?
A.Paragraph 4
B.Paragraph 1
C.Paragraph 2
D.Paragraph 3
Đáp án: C
Giải thích:Đoạn 2 trình bày nguyên nhân–hệ quả và cách điều đó chi phối lựa chọn của các chủ thể.
30Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 30
Phishing-resistant authentication has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine using cryptographic credentials, verifying the legitimate service, and protecting account recovery. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Service providers and users must reduce the value of stolen passwords and deceptive login pages. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because phishing sites can capture shared secrets, methods that verify the real service can reduce that risk.
A persistent obstacle is that weak enrolment or recovery processes can undermine otherwise strong authentication. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Secure account recovery is part of authentication security, not an afterthought.
Modern practice increasingly uses passkeys and hardware-backed multi-factor authentication. In particular, public-key credentials stored on trusted devices can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Removing passwords can reduce one major weakness, but it does not remove the need for careful system design.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by cybersecurity standards organisations.)
In which paragraph does the writer discuss modern tools for detecting patterns and supporting earlier action?
A.Paragraph 3
B.Paragraph 4
C.Paragraph 1
D.Paragraph 2
Đáp án: B
Giải thích:Đoạn 4 đề cập các phương pháp hiện đại, công cụ số hoặc mạng lưới dữ liệu.
31Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 31
[I] Research data may be difficult to interpret when methods, formats, and context are missing. [II] As a result, other researchers cannot easily verify findings or reuse observations. [III] A credible response centres on clear metadata, documented methods, appropriate licences, and durable repositories. [IV]
Implementation depends on machine-readable formats, ethical and privacy safeguards, and persistent documentation. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Poor documentation can waste public investment and make scientific verification harder. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Open data may still require limits to protect privacy, security, or community rights. The discussion also suggests that Openness is valuable only when data are understandable and responsibly governed.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UNESCO and open-science organisations.)
Where in paragraph 1 does the following sentence best fit? ‘Yet the benefits depend on careful design rather than on the label attached to a project.’
A.[II]
B.[III]
C.[IV]
D.[I]
Đáp án: C
Giải thích:Câu chèn nêu điều kiện/giới hạn sau khi ba câu trước đã giới thiệu nguyên nhân, hệ quả và hướng ứng phó; vị trí [IV] liên kết tự nhiên nhất.
32Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 32
[I] Research data may be difficult to interpret when methods, formats, and context are missing. [II] As a result, other researchers cannot easily verify findings or reuse observations. [III] A credible response centres on clear metadata, documented methods, appropriate licences, and durable repositories. [IV]
Implementation depends on machine-readable formats, ethical and privacy safeguards, and persistent documentation. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Poor documentation can waste public investment and make scientific verification harder. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Open data may still require limits to protect privacy, security, or community rights. The discussion also suggests that Openness is valuable only when data are understandable and responsibly governed.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UNESCO and open-science organisations.)
The phrase ‘far-reaching’ in paragraph 3 could best be replaced by ______.
A.wide-ranging
B.easy to reverse
C.narrowly technical
D.completely invisible
Đáp án: A
Giải thích:‘Far-reaching’ nghĩa là có ảnh hưởng rộng, gần nhất với ‘wide-ranging’.
33Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 33
[I] Research data may be difficult to interpret when methods, formats, and context are missing. [II] As a result, other researchers cannot easily verify findings or reuse observations. [III] A credible response centres on clear metadata, documented methods, appropriate licences, and durable repositories. [IV]
Implementation depends on machine-readable formats, ethical and privacy safeguards, and persistent documentation. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Poor documentation can waste public investment and make scientific verification harder. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Open data may still require limits to protect privacy, security, or community rights. The discussion also suggests that Openness is valuable only when data are understandable and responsibly governed.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UNESCO and open-science organisations.)
The expression ‘These factors’ in paragraph 2 refers to ______.
A.long-term resilience
B.machine-readable formats, ethical and privacy safeguards and persistent documentation
C.uploading unexplained files to a temporary personal page
D.the label attached to a project
Đáp án: B
Giải thích:‘These factors’ quy chiếu về ba yếu tố triển khai được liệt kê ngay trong câu trước.
34Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 34
[I] Research data may be difficult to interpret when methods, formats, and context are missing. [II] As a result, other researchers cannot easily verify findings or reuse observations. [III] A credible response centres on clear metadata, documented methods, appropriate licences, and durable repositories. [IV]
Implementation depends on machine-readable formats, ethical and privacy safeguards, and persistent documentation. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Poor documentation can waste public investment and make scientific verification harder. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Open data may still require limits to protect privacy, security, or community rights. The discussion also suggests that Openness is valuable only when data are understandable and responsibly governed.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UNESCO and open-science organisations.)
According to paragraph 2, which of the following is NOT an implementation factor?
A.ethical and privacy safeguards
B.persistent documentation
C.machine-readable formats
D.uploading unexplained files to a temporary personal page
Đáp án: D
Giải thích:Đoạn 2 nêu ba yếu tố triển khai; ‘uploading unexplained files to a temporary personal page’ không phải yếu tố được khuyến nghị.
35Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 35
[I] Research data may be difficult to interpret when methods, formats, and context are missing. [II] As a result, other researchers cannot easily verify findings or reuse observations. [III] A credible response centres on clear metadata, documented methods, appropriate licences, and durable repositories. [IV]
Implementation depends on machine-readable formats, ethical and privacy safeguards, and persistent documentation. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Poor documentation can waste public investment and make scientific verification harder. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Open data may still require limits to protect privacy, security, or community rights. The discussion also suggests that Openness is valuable only when data are understandable and responsibly governed.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UNESCO and open-science organisations.)
Which of the following best summarises paragraph 3?
A.The issue has no consequences beyond equipment performance.
B.Fairness is unrelated to technical and environmental decisions.
C.All impacts disappear as soon as a pilot project begins.
D.Undocumented data can hinder verification and waste research effort.
Đáp án: D
Giải thích:Phương án A khái quát đúng các tác động rộng được trình bày ở đoạn 3.
36Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 36
[I] Research data may be difficult to interpret when methods, formats, and context are missing. [II] As a result, other researchers cannot easily verify findings or reuse observations. [III] A credible response centres on clear metadata, documented methods, appropriate licences, and durable repositories. [IV]
Implementation depends on machine-readable formats, ethical and privacy safeguards, and persistent documentation. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Poor documentation can waste public investment and make scientific verification harder. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Open data may still require limits to protect privacy, security, or community rights. The discussion also suggests that Openness is valuable only when data are understandable and responsibly governed.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UNESCO and open-science organisations.)
The word ‘continuous’ in paragraph 2 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ______.
A.intermittent
B.expensive
C.measurable
D.local
Đáp án: A
Giải thích:‘Continuous’ nghĩa là liên tục; từ trái nghĩa phù hợp là ‘intermittent’ (gián đoạn, không liên tục).
37Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 37
[I] Research data may be difficult to interpret when methods, formats, and context are missing. [II] As a result, other researchers cannot easily verify findings or reuse observations. [III] A credible response centres on clear metadata, documented methods, appropriate licences, and durable repositories. [IV]
Implementation depends on machine-readable formats, ethical and privacy safeguards, and persistent documentation. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Poor documentation can waste public investment and make scientific verification harder. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Open data may still require limits to protect privacy, security, or community rights. The discussion also suggests that Openness is valuable only when data are understandable and responsibly governed.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UNESCO and open-science organisations.)
Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A.A project label guarantees successful results.
B.Open data may still require limits to protect privacy, security, or community rights.
C.Uploading unexplained files to a temporary personal page.
D.Maintenance is unnecessary after installation.
Đáp án: B
Giải thích:Phương án A được nêu trực tiếp trong đoạn 4; các phương án khác trái với lập luận của bài.
38Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 38
[I] Research data may be difficult to interpret when methods, formats, and context are missing. [II] As a result, other researchers cannot easily verify findings or reuse observations. [III] A credible response centres on clear metadata, documented methods, appropriate licences, and durable repositories. [IV]
Implementation depends on machine-readable formats, ethical and privacy safeguards, and persistent documentation. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Poor documentation can waste public investment and make scientific verification harder. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Open data may still require limits to protect privacy, security, or community rights. The discussion also suggests that Openness is valuable only when data are understandable and responsibly governed.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UNESCO and open-science organisations.)
Which of the following best paraphrases the main idea of paragraph 4?
A.Planning should avoid community or institutional responsibility.
B.Uncertainty means that no action should be taken.
C.Successful planning combines technology, operations, responsibility, and long-term system thinking.
D.The issue can be solved by purchasing one advanced device.
Đáp án: C
Giải thích:Đoạn 4 nhấn mạnh cách tiếp cận hệ thống, trách nhiệm rõ ràng và duy trì lâu dài.
39Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 39
[I] Research data may be difficult to interpret when methods, formats, and context are missing. [II] As a result, other researchers cannot easily verify findings or reuse observations. [III] A credible response centres on clear metadata, documented methods, appropriate licences, and durable repositories. [IV]
Implementation depends on machine-readable formats, ethical and privacy safeguards, and persistent documentation. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Poor documentation can waste public investment and make scientific verification harder. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Open data may still require limits to protect privacy, security, or community rights. The discussion also suggests that Openness is valuable only when data are understandable and responsibly governed.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UNESCO and open-science organisations.)
Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A.The recommended intervention works identically in every location.
B.Long-term maintenance reduces the need for all initial planning.
C.Technical performance is the only legitimate evaluation criterion.
D.Openness is valuable only when data are understandable and responsibly governed.
Đáp án: D
Giải thích:Phương án A là suy luận hợp lý từ các điều kiện và giới hạn được nêu; các lựa chọn khác tuyệt đối hoá hoặc mâu thuẫn với bài.
40Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 40
[I] Research data may be difficult to interpret when methods, formats, and context are missing. [II] As a result, other researchers cannot easily verify findings or reuse observations. [III] A credible response centres on clear metadata, documented methods, appropriate licences, and durable repositories. [IV]
Implementation depends on machine-readable formats, ethical and privacy safeguards, and persistent documentation. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Poor documentation can waste public investment and make scientific verification harder. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Open data may still require limits to protect privacy, security, or community rights. The discussion also suggests that Openness is valuable only when data are understandable and responsibly governed.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UNESCO and open-science organisations.)
Which of the following best summarises the passage?
A.Reusable research data require openness, documentation, durable access, and safeguards suited to the people and information involved.
B.Open and reusable scientific data is a purely technical matter that has no social or environmental consequences.
C.The passage argues that uploading unexplained files to a temporary personal page is the only effective strategy.
D.The passage claims that installing new technology automatically guarantees equitable and permanent success.
Đáp án: A
Giải thích:Phương án A bao quát nguyên nhân, giải pháp, điều kiện thực hiện và tác động của toàn bài.
