Đề luyện thi tốt nghiệp THPT môn Tiếng Anh nâng cao số 19
Đề luyện thi Tiếng Anh nâng cao theo cấu trúc môn Ngoại ngữ áp dụng từ năm 2025, gồm 40 câu trắc nghiệm nhiều lựa chọn trong 50 phút. Chủ đề trọng tâm: Water Security and Inclusive Mobility. Ngữ liệu được viết mới và đối chiếu theo tài liệu chính thức của Bộ Giáo dục và Đào tạo, Cambridge English, British Council cùng các tổ chức quốc tế có uy tín; có đáp án và giải thích tiếng Việt.
Câu 1.
Many students assume that assessing urban water infiltration is simply allowing rain to soak into the ground. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. A regional water institute has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘Recharge the Aquifer’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (1).
A. technically nuanced
B. intellectual demand
C. demanded intellectually
D. intellectually demand
Câu 2.
Many students assume that assessing urban water infiltration is simply allowing rain to soak into the ground. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. A regional water institute has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘Recharge the Aquifer’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (2).
A. catchment-scale recharge programme groundwater
B. catchment-scale groundwater recharge programme
C. catchment-scale groundwater programme recharge
D. catchment-scale recharge groundwater programme
Câu 3.
Many students assume that assessing urban water infiltration is simply allowing rain to soak into the ground. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. A regional water institute has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘Recharge the Aquifer’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (3).
A. covered
B. to cover
C. covers
D. covering
Câu 4.
Many students assume that assessing urban water infiltration is simply allowing rain to soak into the ground. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. A regional water institute has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘Recharge the Aquifer’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (4).
A. for
B. with
C. at
D. to
Câu 5.
Many students assume that assessing urban water infiltration is simply allowing rain to soak into the ground. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. A regional water institute has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘Recharge the Aquifer’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (5).
A. develop hydrogeological reasoning
B. do hydrogeological reasoning
C. make hydrogeological reasoning
D. take hydrogeological reasoning
Câu 6.
Many students assume that assessing urban water infiltration is simply allowing rain to soak into the ground. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. A regional water institute has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘Recharge the Aquifer’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (6).
A. having interpreting indirect evidence
B. interpreting indirect evidence
C. to interpreting indirect evidence
D. the interpreting indirect evidence
Câu 7.
Design Transport for Everyone
Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ physical and informational constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (7).
A. another
B. the others
C. other
D. others
Câu 8.
Design Transport for Everyone
Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ physical and informational constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (8).
A. carry out
B. bring about
C. come across
D. brush aside
Câu 9.
Design Transport for Everyone
Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ physical and informational constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (9).
A. consequences
B. consequent
C. consequently
D. consequence
Câu 10.
Design Transport for Everyone
Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ physical and informational constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (10).
A. Apart from
B. Rather than
C. Owing to
D. In case of
Câu 11.
Design Transport for Everyone
Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ physical and informational constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (11).
A. quality
B. level
C. likelihood
D. amount
Câu 12.
Design Transport for Everyone
Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ physical and informational constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (12).
A. substances
B. factors
C. amounts
D. records
Câu 13.
Choose the best arrangement of the following utterances to make a meaningful exchange.
a. Mai: That sounds worthwhile. What will you focus on there?
b. Khoa: I have registered for a workshop on managed groundwater recharge at the river-basin field station.
c. Khoa: We will learn how to compare recharge benefits with contamination risks.
A. a – b – c
B. b – c – a
C. b – a – c
D. c – a – b
Câu 14.
Choose the best arrangement of the following utterances to make a meaningful exchange.
a. Linh: Why did you choose that particular session?
b. Tuan: I am considering the advanced session on managed groundwater recharge.
c. Tuan: Because it teaches participants to compare recharge benefits with contamination risks.
d. Linh: I see. Does it mention any difficulties?
e. Tuan: Yes. It warns that subsurface conditions cannot be observed directly.
A. d – b – a – e – c
B. a – b – c – e – d
C. b – c – a – d – e
D. b – a – c – d – e
Câu 15.
Choose the best arrangement of the following sentences to make a meaningful email.
Hi Alex,
a. Please let me know by Thursday whether you can join us.
b. Last week, our class completed a preliminary activity on managed groundwater recharge.
c. I am writing to invite you to the follow-up session at the river-basin field station.
d. The discussion was demanding because subsurface conditions cannot be observed directly.
e. The next session will show us how to compare recharge benefits with contamination risks.
A. c – e – b – a – d
B. d – b – c – e – a
C. b – c – d – a – e
D. c – b – d – e – a
Câu 16.
Choose the best arrangement of the following sentences to make a meaningful paragraph.
a. For example, learners can examine a realistic case involving managed groundwater recharge before proposing a response.
b. Case-based learning can make lessons on managed groundwater recharge more intellectually demanding.
c. It requires students to connect evidence, assumptions, and possible consequences.
d. However, the teacher must provide sufficient background and clearly defined criteria.
e. With that support, students can practise reasoning rather than merely recall isolated facts.
A. d – b – c – a – e
B. b – c – a – d – e
C. a – b – d – c – e
D. b – a – c – d – e
Câu 17.
Choose the best arrangement of the following sentences to make a meaningful paragraph.
a. Nevertheless, subsurface conditions cannot be observed directly.
b. Interest in managed groundwater recharge has increased as its consequences have become more visible.
c. This interest has encouraged schools and community organisations to offer specialised activities.
d. In response, organisers are adding preliminary guidance and supervised practice.
e. As a result, participants can tackle difficult material without being expected to master it immediately.
A. c – b – a – d – e
B. a – d – b – c – e
C. b – c – a – d – e
D. b – a – c – e – d
Câu 18.
A neighbourhood infiltration monitoring network, once confined largely to specialist settings, is beginning to enter public service. A pilot system (18) ______. Since that demonstration, it has been evaluated in several real-world environments. The project is coordinated by a groundwater research partnership, (19) ______. (20) ______. Its designers therefore invited users and frontline staff to test early versions. (21) ______. What distinguishes the system, however, is its ability to combine rainfall, soil moisture, and well-level observations. Equipped with specialised sensors and decision rules, (22) ______. The developers emphasise that it cannot guarantee recharge where geology or water quality is unsuitable.
Choose the option that best fits blank (18).
A. that its first presentation was during a controlled public trial in 2024
B. was first presented during a controlled public trial in 2024
C. which first presenting during a controlled public trial in 2024
D. having first present during a controlled public trial in 2024
Câu 19.
A neighbourhood infiltration monitoring network, once confined largely to specialist settings, is beginning to enter public service. A pilot system (18) ______. Since that demonstration, it has been evaluated in several real-world environments. The project is coordinated by a groundwater research partnership, (19) ______. (20) ______. Its designers therefore invited users and frontline staff to test early versions. (21) ______. What distinguishes the system, however, is its ability to combine rainfall, soil moisture, and well-level observations. Equipped with specialised sensors and decision rules, (22) ______. The developers emphasise that it cannot guarantee recharge where geology or water quality is unsuitable.
Choose the option that best fits blank (19).
A. of which team combining technical research and consultation from affected users
B. succeeded to combine by technical research and affected users
C. whose team combines technical research with consultation from affected users
D. which its team combines technical research with consultation from affected users
Câu 20.
A neighbourhood infiltration monitoring network, once confined largely to specialist settings, is beginning to enter public service. A pilot system (18) ______. Since that demonstration, it has been evaluated in several real-world environments. The project is coordinated by a groundwater research partnership, (19) ______. (20) ______. Its designers therefore invited users and frontline staff to test early versions. (21) ______. What distinguishes the system, however, is its ability to combine rainfall, soil moisture, and well-level observations. Equipped with specialised sensors and decision rules, (22) ______. The developers emphasise that it cannot guarantee recharge where geology or water quality is unsuitable.
Choose the option that best fits blank (20).
A. Although technical accuracy alone guaranteeing a public system to trust and use
B. Technical accuracy alone, which does not a guarantee of public trust and usability
C. Having guaranteed public trust, technical accuracy alone is not
D. Technical accuracy alone does not guarantee that a public system will be trusted or usable
Câu 21.
A neighbourhood infiltration monitoring network, once confined largely to specialist settings, is beginning to enter public service. A pilot system (18) ______. Since that demonstration, it has been evaluated in several real-world environments. The project is coordinated by a groundwater research partnership, (19) ______. (20) ______. Its designers therefore invited users and frontline staff to test early versions. (21) ______. What distinguishes the system, however, is its ability to combine rainfall, soil moisture, and well-level observations. Equipped with specialised sensors and decision rules, (22) ______. The developers emphasise that it cannot guarantee recharge where geology or water quality is unsuitable.
Choose the option that best fits blank (21).
A. Their feedback led to changes in language, controls, and warning thresholds
B. Having changed language, controls, and warning thresholds by their feedback
C. Language, controls, and warning thresholds led their feedback to change
D. Their feedback, which the changes in language, controls, and warning thresholds
Câu 22.
A neighbourhood infiltration monitoring network, once confined largely to specialist settings, is beginning to enter public service. A pilot system (18) ______. Since that demonstration, it has been evaluated in several real-world environments. The project is coordinated by a groundwater research partnership, (19) ______. (20) ______. Its designers therefore invited users and frontline staff to test early versions. (21) ______. What distinguishes the system, however, is its ability to combine rainfall, soil moisture, and well-level observations. Equipped with specialised sensors and decision rules, (22) ______. The developers emphasise that it cannot guarantee recharge where geology or water quality is unsuitable.
Choose the option that best fits blank (22).
A. there can the system combine rainfall, soil moisture, and well-level observations
B. the system can combine rainfall, soil moisture, and well-level observations
C. combine rainfall, soil moisture, and well-level observations can be the system
D. the system, which combine rainfall, soil moisture, and well-level observations
Câu 23.
Managed groundwater recharge has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine identifying suitable infiltration sites, protecting water quality, and monitoring aquifer response. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Water managers and hydrogeologists must increase groundwater storage without creating unacceptable contamination risks. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because subsurface conditions differ, the same design may perform well in one location and poorly in another.
A persistent obstacle is that recharge rates vary with soil, geology, land use, and the timing of available water. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Recharge projects require both quantity and water-quality assessment.
Modern practice increasingly uses infiltration basins, recharge wells, and water-balance monitoring. In particular, sensor networks, groundwater models, and managed infiltration facilities can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Adding water underground is not automatically beneficial; the source, site, and monitoring plan all matter.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the U.S. Geological Survey.)
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a component of an effective response?
A. protecting water quality
B. monitoring aquifer response
C. identifying suitable infiltration sites
D. directing polluted runoff into every available well
Câu 24.
Managed groundwater recharge has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine identifying suitable infiltration sites, protecting water quality, and monitoring aquifer response. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Water managers and hydrogeologists must increase groundwater storage without creating unacceptable contamination risks. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because subsurface conditions differ, the same design may perform well in one location and poorly in another.
A persistent obstacle is that recharge rates vary with soil, geology, land use, and the timing of available water. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Recharge projects require both quantity and water-quality assessment.
Modern practice increasingly uses infiltration basins, recharge wells, and water-balance monitoring. In particular, sensor networks, groundwater models, and managed infiltration facilities can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Adding water underground is not automatically beneficial; the source, site, and monitoring plan all matter.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the U.S. Geological Survey.)
The word ‘temporary’ in paragraph 1 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ______.
A. limited
B. uncertain
C. partial
D. lasting
Câu 25.
Managed groundwater recharge has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine identifying suitable infiltration sites, protecting water quality, and monitoring aquifer response. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Water managers and hydrogeologists must increase groundwater storage without creating unacceptable contamination risks. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because subsurface conditions differ, the same design may perform well in one location and poorly in another.
A persistent obstacle is that recharge rates vary with soil, geology, land use, and the timing of available water. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Recharge projects require both quantity and water-quality assessment.
Modern practice increasingly uses infiltration basins, recharge wells, and water-balance monitoring. In particular, sensor networks, groundwater models, and managed infiltration facilities can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Adding water underground is not automatically beneficial; the source, site, and monitoring plan all matter.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the U.S. Geological Survey.)
The word ‘Their’ in paragraph 2 refers to ______.
A. water managers and hydrogeologists
B. the consequences
C. individual incidents
D. modern practices
Câu 26.
Managed groundwater recharge has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine identifying suitable infiltration sites, protecting water quality, and monitoring aquifer response. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Water managers and hydrogeologists must increase groundwater storage without creating unacceptable contamination risks. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because subsurface conditions differ, the same design may perform well in one location and poorly in another.
A persistent obstacle is that recharge rates vary with soil, geology, land use, and the timing of available water. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Recharge projects require both quantity and water-quality assessment.
Modern practice increasingly uses infiltration basins, recharge wells, and water-balance monitoring. In particular, sensor networks, groundwater models, and managed infiltration facilities can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Adding water underground is not automatically beneficial; the source, site, and monitoring plan all matter.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the U.S. Geological Survey.)
The word ‘persistent’ in paragraph 3 could best be replaced by ______.
A. invisible
B. continuing
C. minor
D. accidental
Câu 27.
Managed groundwater recharge has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine identifying suitable infiltration sites, protecting water quality, and monitoring aquifer response. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Water managers and hydrogeologists must increase groundwater storage without creating unacceptable contamination risks. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because subsurface conditions differ, the same design may perform well in one location and poorly in another.
A persistent obstacle is that recharge rates vary with soil, geology, land use, and the timing of available water. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Recharge projects require both quantity and water-quality assessment.
Modern practice increasingly uses infiltration basins, recharge wells, and water-balance monitoring. In particular, sensor networks, groundwater models, and managed infiltration facilities can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Adding water underground is not automatically beneficial; the source, site, and monitoring plan all matter.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the U.S. Geological Survey.)
Which of the following best paraphrases the final sentence?
A. Human decisions are unnecessary when digital systems can detect patterns.
B. Local knowledge should be ignored because it slows technical action.
C. Adding water underground is not automatically beneficial; the source, site, and monitoring plan all matter.
D. Technology automatically solves the problem once enough data are collected.
Câu 28.
Managed groundwater recharge has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine identifying suitable infiltration sites, protecting water quality, and monitoring aquifer response. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Water managers and hydrogeologists must increase groundwater storage without creating unacceptable contamination risks. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because subsurface conditions differ, the same design may perform well in one location and poorly in another.
A persistent obstacle is that recharge rates vary with soil, geology, land use, and the timing of available water. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Recharge projects require both quantity and water-quality assessment.
Modern practice increasingly uses infiltration basins, recharge wells, and water-balance monitoring. In particular, sensor networks, groundwater models, and managed infiltration facilities can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Adding water underground is not automatically beneficial; the source, site, and monitoring plan all matter.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the U.S. Geological Survey.)
Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Directing polluted runoff into every available well.
B. A single isolated measure is always sufficient.
C. Uncertainty makes all preventive action pointless.
D. Recharge projects require both quantity and water-quality assessment.
Câu 29.
Managed groundwater recharge has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine identifying suitable infiltration sites, protecting water quality, and monitoring aquifer response. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Water managers and hydrogeologists must increase groundwater storage without creating unacceptable contamination risks. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because subsurface conditions differ, the same design may perform well in one location and poorly in another.
A persistent obstacle is that recharge rates vary with soil, geology, land use, and the timing of available water. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Recharge projects require both quantity and water-quality assessment.
Modern practice increasingly uses infiltration basins, recharge wells, and water-balance monitoring. In particular, sensor networks, groundwater models, and managed infiltration facilities can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Adding water underground is not automatically beneficial; the source, site, and monitoring plan all matter.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the U.S. Geological Survey.)
In which paragraph does the writer explain a causal relationship affecting the choices of key actors?
A. Paragraph 1
B. Paragraph 2
C. Paragraph 3
D. Paragraph 4
Câu 30.
Managed groundwater recharge has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine identifying suitable infiltration sites, protecting water quality, and monitoring aquifer response. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Water managers and hydrogeologists must increase groundwater storage without creating unacceptable contamination risks. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because subsurface conditions differ, the same design may perform well in one location and poorly in another.
A persistent obstacle is that recharge rates vary with soil, geology, land use, and the timing of available water. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Recharge projects require both quantity and water-quality assessment.
Modern practice increasingly uses infiltration basins, recharge wells, and water-balance monitoring. In particular, sensor networks, groundwater models, and managed infiltration facilities can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Adding water underground is not automatically beneficial; the source, site, and monitoring plan all matter.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the U.S. Geological Survey.)
In which paragraph does the writer discuss modern tools for detecting patterns and supporting earlier action?
A. Paragraph 4
B. Paragraph 1
C. Paragraph 2
D. Paragraph 3
Câu 31.
[I] Transport systems often assume that every passenger can see, hear, walk, and process information in the same way. [II] As a result, poor design can exclude older people, disabled passengers, caregivers, and travellers carrying luggage. [III] A credible response centres on step-free access, clear information, predictable layouts, and staff support. [IV]
Implementation depends on accessible vehicles and stations, multisensory information, and reliable maintenance. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Exclusion can limit access to education, work, health care, and social participation. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Universal design can benefit passengers beyond those with formally recognised disabilities. The discussion also suggests that Accessibility is more dependable when built into routine design and maintenance.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UN-Habitat and accessibility organisations.)
Where in paragraph 1 does the following sentence best fit?
‘Yet the benefits depend on careful design rather than on the label attached to a project.’
A. [III]
B. [IV]
C. [I]
D. [II]
Câu 32.
[I] Transport systems often assume that every passenger can see, hear, walk, and process information in the same way. [II] As a result, poor design can exclude older people, disabled passengers, caregivers, and travellers carrying luggage. [III] A credible response centres on step-free access, clear information, predictable layouts, and staff support. [IV]
Implementation depends on accessible vehicles and stations, multisensory information, and reliable maintenance. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Exclusion can limit access to education, work, health care, and social participation. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Universal design can benefit passengers beyond those with formally recognised disabilities. The discussion also suggests that Accessibility is more dependable when built into routine design and maintenance.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UN-Habitat and accessibility organisations.)
The phrase ‘far-reaching’ in paragraph 3 could best be replaced by ______.
A. easy to reverse
B. narrowly technical
C. completely invisible
D. wide-ranging
Câu 33.
[I] Transport systems often assume that every passenger can see, hear, walk, and process information in the same way. [II] As a result, poor design can exclude older people, disabled passengers, caregivers, and travellers carrying luggage. [III] A credible response centres on step-free access, clear information, predictable layouts, and staff support. [IV]
Implementation depends on accessible vehicles and stations, multisensory information, and reliable maintenance. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Exclusion can limit access to education, work, health care, and social participation. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Universal design can benefit passengers beyond those with formally recognised disabilities. The discussion also suggests that Accessibility is more dependable when built into routine design and maintenance.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UN-Habitat and accessibility organisations.)
The expression ‘These factors’ in paragraph 2 refers to ______.
A. accessible vehicles and stations, multisensory information and reliable maintenance
B. providing accessibility only after a passenger complains
C. the label attached to a project
D. long-term resilience
Câu 34.
[I] Transport systems often assume that every passenger can see, hear, walk, and process information in the same way. [II] As a result, poor design can exclude older people, disabled passengers, caregivers, and travellers carrying luggage. [III] A credible response centres on step-free access, clear information, predictable layouts, and staff support. [IV]
Implementation depends on accessible vehicles and stations, multisensory information, and reliable maintenance. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Exclusion can limit access to education, work, health care, and social participation. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Universal design can benefit passengers beyond those with formally recognised disabilities. The discussion also suggests that Accessibility is more dependable when built into routine design and maintenance.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UN-Habitat and accessibility organisations.)
According to paragraph 2, which of the following is NOT an implementation factor?
A. reliable maintenance
B. accessible vehicles and stations
C. providing accessibility only after a passenger complains
D. multisensory information
Câu 35.
[I] Transport systems often assume that every passenger can see, hear, walk, and process information in the same way. [II] As a result, poor design can exclude older people, disabled passengers, caregivers, and travellers carrying luggage. [III] A credible response centres on step-free access, clear information, predictable layouts, and staff support. [IV]
Implementation depends on accessible vehicles and stations, multisensory information, and reliable maintenance. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Exclusion can limit access to education, work, health care, and social participation. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Universal design can benefit passengers beyond those with formally recognised disabilities. The discussion also suggests that Accessibility is more dependable when built into routine design and maintenance.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UN-Habitat and accessibility organisations.)
Which of the following best summarises paragraph 3?
A. Fairness is unrelated to technical and environmental decisions.
B. All impacts disappear as soon as a pilot project begins.
C. Transport barriers can restrict participation across many areas of life.
D. The issue has no consequences beyond equipment performance.
Câu 36.
[I] Transport systems often assume that every passenger can see, hear, walk, and process information in the same way. [II] As a result, poor design can exclude older people, disabled passengers, caregivers, and travellers carrying luggage. [III] A credible response centres on step-free access, clear information, predictable layouts, and staff support. [IV]
Implementation depends on accessible vehicles and stations, multisensory information, and reliable maintenance. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Exclusion can limit access to education, work, health care, and social participation. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Universal design can benefit passengers beyond those with formally recognised disabilities. The discussion also suggests that Accessibility is more dependable when built into routine design and maintenance.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UN-Habitat and accessibility organisations.)
The word ‘continuous’ in paragraph 2 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ______.
A. expensive
B. measurable
C. local
D. intermittent
Câu 37.
[I] Transport systems often assume that every passenger can see, hear, walk, and process information in the same way. [II] As a result, poor design can exclude older people, disabled passengers, caregivers, and travellers carrying luggage. [III] A credible response centres on step-free access, clear information, predictable layouts, and staff support. [IV]
Implementation depends on accessible vehicles and stations, multisensory information, and reliable maintenance. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Exclusion can limit access to education, work, health care, and social participation. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Universal design can benefit passengers beyond those with formally recognised disabilities. The discussion also suggests that Accessibility is more dependable when built into routine design and maintenance.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UN-Habitat and accessibility organisations.)
Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Universal design can benefit passengers beyond those with formally recognised disabilities.
B. Providing accessibility only after a passenger complains.
C. Maintenance is unnecessary after installation.
D. A project label guarantees successful results.
Câu 38.
[I] Transport systems often assume that every passenger can see, hear, walk, and process information in the same way. [II] As a result, poor design can exclude older people, disabled passengers, caregivers, and travellers carrying luggage. [III] A credible response centres on step-free access, clear information, predictable layouts, and staff support. [IV]
Implementation depends on accessible vehicles and stations, multisensory information, and reliable maintenance. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Exclusion can limit access to education, work, health care, and social participation. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Universal design can benefit passengers beyond those with formally recognised disabilities. The discussion also suggests that Accessibility is more dependable when built into routine design and maintenance.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UN-Habitat and accessibility organisations.)
Which of the following best paraphrases the main idea of paragraph 4?
A. Uncertainty means that no action should be taken.
B. Successful planning combines technology, operations, responsibility, and long-term system thinking.
C. The issue can be solved by purchasing one advanced device.
D. Planning should avoid community or institutional responsibility.
Câu 39.
[I] Transport systems often assume that every passenger can see, hear, walk, and process information in the same way. [II] As a result, poor design can exclude older people, disabled passengers, caregivers, and travellers carrying luggage. [III] A credible response centres on step-free access, clear information, predictable layouts, and staff support. [IV]
Implementation depends on accessible vehicles and stations, multisensory information, and reliable maintenance. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Exclusion can limit access to education, work, health care, and social participation. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Universal design can benefit passengers beyond those with formally recognised disabilities. The discussion also suggests that Accessibility is more dependable when built into routine design and maintenance.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UN-Habitat and accessibility organisations.)
Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A. Long-term maintenance reduces the need for all initial planning.
B. Technical performance is the only legitimate evaluation criterion.
C. Accessibility is more dependable when built into routine design and maintenance.
D. The recommended intervention works identically in every location.
Câu 40.
[I] Transport systems often assume that every passenger can see, hear, walk, and process information in the same way. [II] As a result, poor design can exclude older people, disabled passengers, caregivers, and travellers carrying luggage. [III] A credible response centres on step-free access, clear information, predictable layouts, and staff support. [IV]
Implementation depends on accessible vehicles and stations, multisensory information, and reliable maintenance. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Exclusion can limit access to education, work, health care, and social participation. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Universal design can benefit passengers beyond those with formally recognised disabilities. The discussion also suggests that Accessibility is more dependable when built into routine design and maintenance.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UN-Habitat and accessibility organisations.)
Which of the following best summarises the passage?
A. Universal public-transport design is a purely technical matter that has no social or environmental consequences.
B. The passage argues that providing accessibility only after a passenger complains is the only effective strategy.
C. The passage claims that installing new technology automatically guarantees equitable and permanent success.
D. Inclusive transport depends on accessible infrastructure, understandable information, and reliable operations designed from the outset.
