Đề luyện thi tốt nghiệp THPT môn Tiếng Anh nâng cao số 19
⏱ 50 phút📝 40 câu✅ Đã làm 0/40
Thời gian
50:00
Câu 1/40Đáp án được lưu tự động
1
Many students assume that assessing urban water infiltration is simply allowing rain to soak into the ground. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. A regional water institute has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘Recharge the Aquifer’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (1).
Chọn một đáp án
Đề luyện thi tốt nghiệp THPT
Đề luyện thi tốt nghiệp THPT môn Tiếng Anh nâng cao số 19
Thời gian làm bài: 50 phút
1
Many students assume that assessing urban water infiltration is simply allowing rain to soak into the ground. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. A regional water institute has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘Recharge the Aquifer’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (1).
Chọn một đáp án
2
Many students assume that assessing urban water infiltration is simply allowing rain to soak into the ground. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. A regional water institute has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘Recharge the Aquifer’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (2).
Chọn một đáp án
3
Many students assume that assessing urban water infiltration is simply allowing rain to soak into the ground. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. A regional water institute has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘Recharge the Aquifer’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (3).
Chọn một đáp án
4
Many students assume that assessing urban water infiltration is simply allowing rain to soak into the ground. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. A regional water institute has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘Recharge the Aquifer’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (4).
Chọn một đáp án
5
Many students assume that assessing urban water infiltration is simply allowing rain to soak into the ground. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. A regional water institute has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘Recharge the Aquifer’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (5).
Chọn một đáp án
6
Many students assume that assessing urban water infiltration is simply allowing rain to soak into the ground. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. A regional water institute has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘Recharge the Aquifer’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (6).
Chọn một đáp án
7
Design Transport for Everyone Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ physical and informational constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (7).
Chọn một đáp án
8
Design Transport for Everyone Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ physical and informational constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (8).
Chọn một đáp án
9
Design Transport for Everyone Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ physical and informational constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (9).
Chọn một đáp án
10
Design Transport for Everyone Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ physical and informational constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (10).
Chọn một đáp án
11
Design Transport for Everyone Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ physical and informational constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (11).
Chọn một đáp án
12
Design Transport for Everyone Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ physical and informational constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (12).
Chọn một đáp án
13
Choose the best arrangement of the following utterances to make a meaningful exchange. a. Mai: That sounds worthwhile. What will you focus on there? b. Khoa: I have registered for a workshop on managed groundwater recharge at the river-basin field station. c. Khoa: We will learn how to compare recharge benefits with contamination risks.
Chọn một đáp án
14
Choose the best arrangement of the following utterances to make a meaningful exchange. a. Linh: Why did you choose that particular session? b. Tuan: I am considering the advanced session on managed groundwater recharge. c. Tuan: Because it teaches participants to compare recharge benefits with contamination risks. d. Linh: I see. Does it mention any difficulties? e. Tuan: Yes. It warns that subsurface conditions cannot be observed directly.
Chọn một đáp án
15
Choose the best arrangement of the following sentences to make a meaningful email. Hi Alex, a. Please let me know by Thursday whether you can join us. b. Last week, our class completed a preliminary activity on managed groundwater recharge. c. I am writing to invite you to the follow-up session at the river-basin field station. d. The discussion was demanding because subsurface conditions cannot be observed directly. e. The next session will show us how to compare recharge benefits with contamination risks.
Chọn một đáp án
16
Choose the best arrangement of the following sentences to make a meaningful paragraph. a. For example, learners can examine a realistic case involving managed groundwater recharge before proposing a response. b. Case-based learning can make lessons on managed groundwater recharge more intellectually demanding. c. It requires students to connect evidence, assumptions, and possible consequences. d. However, the teacher must provide sufficient background and clearly defined criteria. e. With that support, students can practise reasoning rather than merely recall isolated facts.
Chọn một đáp án
17
Choose the best arrangement of the following sentences to make a meaningful paragraph. a. Nevertheless, subsurface conditions cannot be observed directly. b. Interest in managed groundwater recharge has increased as its consequences have become more visible. c. This interest has encouraged schools and community organisations to offer specialised activities. d. In response, organisers are adding preliminary guidance and supervised practice. e. As a result, participants can tackle difficult material without being expected to master it immediately.
Chọn một đáp án
18
A neighbourhood infiltration monitoring network, once confined largely to specialist settings, is beginning to enter public service. A pilot system (18) ______. Since that demonstration, it has been evaluated in several real-world environments. The project is coordinated by a groundwater research partnership, (19) ______. (20) ______. Its designers therefore invited users and frontline staff to test early versions. (21) ______. What distinguishes the system, however, is its ability to combine rainfall, soil moisture, and well-level observations. Equipped with specialised sensors and decision rules, (22) ______. The developers emphasise that it cannot guarantee recharge where geology or water quality is unsuitable.
Choose the option that best fits blank (18).
Chọn một đáp án
19
A neighbourhood infiltration monitoring network, once confined largely to specialist settings, is beginning to enter public service. A pilot system (18) ______. Since that demonstration, it has been evaluated in several real-world environments. The project is coordinated by a groundwater research partnership, (19) ______. (20) ______. Its designers therefore invited users and frontline staff to test early versions. (21) ______. What distinguishes the system, however, is its ability to combine rainfall, soil moisture, and well-level observations. Equipped with specialised sensors and decision rules, (22) ______. The developers emphasise that it cannot guarantee recharge where geology or water quality is unsuitable.
Choose the option that best fits blank (19).
Chọn một đáp án
20
A neighbourhood infiltration monitoring network, once confined largely to specialist settings, is beginning to enter public service. A pilot system (18) ______. Since that demonstration, it has been evaluated in several real-world environments. The project is coordinated by a groundwater research partnership, (19) ______. (20) ______. Its designers therefore invited users and frontline staff to test early versions. (21) ______. What distinguishes the system, however, is its ability to combine rainfall, soil moisture, and well-level observations. Equipped with specialised sensors and decision rules, (22) ______. The developers emphasise that it cannot guarantee recharge where geology or water quality is unsuitable.
Choose the option that best fits blank (20).
Chọn một đáp án
21
A neighbourhood infiltration monitoring network, once confined largely to specialist settings, is beginning to enter public service. A pilot system (18) ______. Since that demonstration, it has been evaluated in several real-world environments. The project is coordinated by a groundwater research partnership, (19) ______. (20) ______. Its designers therefore invited users and frontline staff to test early versions. (21) ______. What distinguishes the system, however, is its ability to combine rainfall, soil moisture, and well-level observations. Equipped with specialised sensors and decision rules, (22) ______. The developers emphasise that it cannot guarantee recharge where geology or water quality is unsuitable.
Choose the option that best fits blank (21).
Chọn một đáp án
22
A neighbourhood infiltration monitoring network, once confined largely to specialist settings, is beginning to enter public service. A pilot system (18) ______. Since that demonstration, it has been evaluated in several real-world environments. The project is coordinated by a groundwater research partnership, (19) ______. (20) ______. Its designers therefore invited users and frontline staff to test early versions. (21) ______. What distinguishes the system, however, is its ability to combine rainfall, soil moisture, and well-level observations. Equipped with specialised sensors and decision rules, (22) ______. The developers emphasise that it cannot guarantee recharge where geology or water quality is unsuitable.
Choose the option that best fits blank (22).
Chọn một đáp án
23
Managed groundwater recharge has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine identifying suitable infiltration sites, protecting water quality, and monitoring aquifer response. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Water managers and hydrogeologists must increase groundwater storage without creating unacceptable contamination risks. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because subsurface conditions differ, the same design may perform well in one location and poorly in another.
A persistent obstacle is that recharge rates vary with soil, geology, land use, and the timing of available water. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Recharge projects require both quantity and water-quality assessment.
Modern practice increasingly uses infiltration basins, recharge wells, and water-balance monitoring. In particular, sensor networks, groundwater models, and managed infiltration facilities can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Adding water underground is not automatically beneficial; the source, site, and monitoring plan all matter.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the U.S. Geological Survey.)
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a component of an effective response?
Chọn một đáp án
24
Managed groundwater recharge has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine identifying suitable infiltration sites, protecting water quality, and monitoring aquifer response. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Water managers and hydrogeologists must increase groundwater storage without creating unacceptable contamination risks. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because subsurface conditions differ, the same design may perform well in one location and poorly in another.
A persistent obstacle is that recharge rates vary with soil, geology, land use, and the timing of available water. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Recharge projects require both quantity and water-quality assessment.
Modern practice increasingly uses infiltration basins, recharge wells, and water-balance monitoring. In particular, sensor networks, groundwater models, and managed infiltration facilities can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Adding water underground is not automatically beneficial; the source, site, and monitoring plan all matter.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the U.S. Geological Survey.)
The word ‘temporary’ in paragraph 1 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ______.
Chọn một đáp án
25
Managed groundwater recharge has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine identifying suitable infiltration sites, protecting water quality, and monitoring aquifer response. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Water managers and hydrogeologists must increase groundwater storage without creating unacceptable contamination risks. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because subsurface conditions differ, the same design may perform well in one location and poorly in another.
A persistent obstacle is that recharge rates vary with soil, geology, land use, and the timing of available water. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Recharge projects require both quantity and water-quality assessment.
Modern practice increasingly uses infiltration basins, recharge wells, and water-balance monitoring. In particular, sensor networks, groundwater models, and managed infiltration facilities can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Adding water underground is not automatically beneficial; the source, site, and monitoring plan all matter.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the U.S. Geological Survey.)
The word ‘Their’ in paragraph 2 refers to ______.
Chọn một đáp án
26
Managed groundwater recharge has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine identifying suitable infiltration sites, protecting water quality, and monitoring aquifer response. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Water managers and hydrogeologists must increase groundwater storage without creating unacceptable contamination risks. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because subsurface conditions differ, the same design may perform well in one location and poorly in another.
A persistent obstacle is that recharge rates vary with soil, geology, land use, and the timing of available water. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Recharge projects require both quantity and water-quality assessment.
Modern practice increasingly uses infiltration basins, recharge wells, and water-balance monitoring. In particular, sensor networks, groundwater models, and managed infiltration facilities can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Adding water underground is not automatically beneficial; the source, site, and monitoring plan all matter.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the U.S. Geological Survey.)
The word ‘persistent’ in paragraph 3 could best be replaced by ______.
Chọn một đáp án
27
Managed groundwater recharge has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine identifying suitable infiltration sites, protecting water quality, and monitoring aquifer response. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Water managers and hydrogeologists must increase groundwater storage without creating unacceptable contamination risks. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because subsurface conditions differ, the same design may perform well in one location and poorly in another.
A persistent obstacle is that recharge rates vary with soil, geology, land use, and the timing of available water. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Recharge projects require both quantity and water-quality assessment.
Modern practice increasingly uses infiltration basins, recharge wells, and water-balance monitoring. In particular, sensor networks, groundwater models, and managed infiltration facilities can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Adding water underground is not automatically beneficial; the source, site, and monitoring plan all matter.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the U.S. Geological Survey.)
Which of the following best paraphrases the final sentence?
Chọn một đáp án
28
Managed groundwater recharge has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine identifying suitable infiltration sites, protecting water quality, and monitoring aquifer response. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Water managers and hydrogeologists must increase groundwater storage without creating unacceptable contamination risks. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because subsurface conditions differ, the same design may perform well in one location and poorly in another.
A persistent obstacle is that recharge rates vary with soil, geology, land use, and the timing of available water. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Recharge projects require both quantity and water-quality assessment.
Modern practice increasingly uses infiltration basins, recharge wells, and water-balance monitoring. In particular, sensor networks, groundwater models, and managed infiltration facilities can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Adding water underground is not automatically beneficial; the source, site, and monitoring plan all matter.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the U.S. Geological Survey.)
Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
Chọn một đáp án
29
Managed groundwater recharge has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine identifying suitable infiltration sites, protecting water quality, and monitoring aquifer response. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Water managers and hydrogeologists must increase groundwater storage without creating unacceptable contamination risks. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because subsurface conditions differ, the same design may perform well in one location and poorly in another.
A persistent obstacle is that recharge rates vary with soil, geology, land use, and the timing of available water. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Recharge projects require both quantity and water-quality assessment.
Modern practice increasingly uses infiltration basins, recharge wells, and water-balance monitoring. In particular, sensor networks, groundwater models, and managed infiltration facilities can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Adding water underground is not automatically beneficial; the source, site, and monitoring plan all matter.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the U.S. Geological Survey.)
In which paragraph does the writer explain a causal relationship affecting the choices of key actors?
Chọn một đáp án
30
Managed groundwater recharge has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine identifying suitable infiltration sites, protecting water quality, and monitoring aquifer response. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Water managers and hydrogeologists must increase groundwater storage without creating unacceptable contamination risks. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because subsurface conditions differ, the same design may perform well in one location and poorly in another.
A persistent obstacle is that recharge rates vary with soil, geology, land use, and the timing of available water. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Recharge projects require both quantity and water-quality assessment.
Modern practice increasingly uses infiltration basins, recharge wells, and water-balance monitoring. In particular, sensor networks, groundwater models, and managed infiltration facilities can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Adding water underground is not automatically beneficial; the source, site, and monitoring plan all matter.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the U.S. Geological Survey.)
In which paragraph does the writer discuss modern tools for detecting patterns and supporting earlier action?
Chọn một đáp án
31
[I] Transport systems often assume that every passenger can see, hear, walk, and process information in the same way. [II] As a result, poor design can exclude older people, disabled passengers, caregivers, and travellers carrying luggage. [III] A credible response centres on step-free access, clear information, predictable layouts, and staff support. [IV]
Implementation depends on accessible vehicles and stations, multisensory information, and reliable maintenance. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Exclusion can limit access to education, work, health care, and social participation. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Universal design can benefit passengers beyond those with formally recognised disabilities. The discussion also suggests that Accessibility is more dependable when built into routine design and maintenance.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UN-Habitat and accessibility organisations.)
Where in paragraph 1 does the following sentence best fit? ‘Yet the benefits depend on careful design rather than on the label attached to a project.’
Chọn một đáp án
32
[I] Transport systems often assume that every passenger can see, hear, walk, and process information in the same way. [II] As a result, poor design can exclude older people, disabled passengers, caregivers, and travellers carrying luggage. [III] A credible response centres on step-free access, clear information, predictable layouts, and staff support. [IV]
Implementation depends on accessible vehicles and stations, multisensory information, and reliable maintenance. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Exclusion can limit access to education, work, health care, and social participation. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Universal design can benefit passengers beyond those with formally recognised disabilities. The discussion also suggests that Accessibility is more dependable when built into routine design and maintenance.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UN-Habitat and accessibility organisations.)
The phrase ‘far-reaching’ in paragraph 3 could best be replaced by ______.
Chọn một đáp án
33
[I] Transport systems often assume that every passenger can see, hear, walk, and process information in the same way. [II] As a result, poor design can exclude older people, disabled passengers, caregivers, and travellers carrying luggage. [III] A credible response centres on step-free access, clear information, predictable layouts, and staff support. [IV]
Implementation depends on accessible vehicles and stations, multisensory information, and reliable maintenance. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Exclusion can limit access to education, work, health care, and social participation. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Universal design can benefit passengers beyond those with formally recognised disabilities. The discussion also suggests that Accessibility is more dependable when built into routine design and maintenance.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UN-Habitat and accessibility organisations.)
The expression ‘These factors’ in paragraph 2 refers to ______.
Chọn một đáp án
34
[I] Transport systems often assume that every passenger can see, hear, walk, and process information in the same way. [II] As a result, poor design can exclude older people, disabled passengers, caregivers, and travellers carrying luggage. [III] A credible response centres on step-free access, clear information, predictable layouts, and staff support. [IV]
Implementation depends on accessible vehicles and stations, multisensory information, and reliable maintenance. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Exclusion can limit access to education, work, health care, and social participation. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Universal design can benefit passengers beyond those with formally recognised disabilities. The discussion also suggests that Accessibility is more dependable when built into routine design and maintenance.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UN-Habitat and accessibility organisations.)
According to paragraph 2, which of the following is NOT an implementation factor?
Chọn một đáp án
35
[I] Transport systems often assume that every passenger can see, hear, walk, and process information in the same way. [II] As a result, poor design can exclude older people, disabled passengers, caregivers, and travellers carrying luggage. [III] A credible response centres on step-free access, clear information, predictable layouts, and staff support. [IV]
Implementation depends on accessible vehicles and stations, multisensory information, and reliable maintenance. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Exclusion can limit access to education, work, health care, and social participation. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Universal design can benefit passengers beyond those with formally recognised disabilities. The discussion also suggests that Accessibility is more dependable when built into routine design and maintenance.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UN-Habitat and accessibility organisations.)
Which of the following best summarises paragraph 3?
Chọn một đáp án
36
[I] Transport systems often assume that every passenger can see, hear, walk, and process information in the same way. [II] As a result, poor design can exclude older people, disabled passengers, caregivers, and travellers carrying luggage. [III] A credible response centres on step-free access, clear information, predictable layouts, and staff support. [IV]
Implementation depends on accessible vehicles and stations, multisensory information, and reliable maintenance. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Exclusion can limit access to education, work, health care, and social participation. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Universal design can benefit passengers beyond those with formally recognised disabilities. The discussion also suggests that Accessibility is more dependable when built into routine design and maintenance.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UN-Habitat and accessibility organisations.)
The word ‘continuous’ in paragraph 2 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ______.
Chọn một đáp án
37
[I] Transport systems often assume that every passenger can see, hear, walk, and process information in the same way. [II] As a result, poor design can exclude older people, disabled passengers, caregivers, and travellers carrying luggage. [III] A credible response centres on step-free access, clear information, predictable layouts, and staff support. [IV]
Implementation depends on accessible vehicles and stations, multisensory information, and reliable maintenance. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Exclusion can limit access to education, work, health care, and social participation. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Universal design can benefit passengers beyond those with formally recognised disabilities. The discussion also suggests that Accessibility is more dependable when built into routine design and maintenance.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UN-Habitat and accessibility organisations.)
Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
Chọn một đáp án
38
[I] Transport systems often assume that every passenger can see, hear, walk, and process information in the same way. [II] As a result, poor design can exclude older people, disabled passengers, caregivers, and travellers carrying luggage. [III] A credible response centres on step-free access, clear information, predictable layouts, and staff support. [IV]
Implementation depends on accessible vehicles and stations, multisensory information, and reliable maintenance. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Exclusion can limit access to education, work, health care, and social participation. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Universal design can benefit passengers beyond those with formally recognised disabilities. The discussion also suggests that Accessibility is more dependable when built into routine design and maintenance.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UN-Habitat and accessibility organisations.)
Which of the following best paraphrases the main idea of paragraph 4?
Chọn một đáp án
39
[I] Transport systems often assume that every passenger can see, hear, walk, and process information in the same way. [II] As a result, poor design can exclude older people, disabled passengers, caregivers, and travellers carrying luggage. [III] A credible response centres on step-free access, clear information, predictable layouts, and staff support. [IV]
Implementation depends on accessible vehicles and stations, multisensory information, and reliable maintenance. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Exclusion can limit access to education, work, health care, and social participation. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Universal design can benefit passengers beyond those with formally recognised disabilities. The discussion also suggests that Accessibility is more dependable when built into routine design and maintenance.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UN-Habitat and accessibility organisations.)
Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
Chọn một đáp án
40
[I] Transport systems often assume that every passenger can see, hear, walk, and process information in the same way. [II] As a result, poor design can exclude older people, disabled passengers, caregivers, and travellers carrying luggage. [III] A credible response centres on step-free access, clear information, predictable layouts, and staff support. [IV]
Implementation depends on accessible vehicles and stations, multisensory information, and reliable maintenance. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Exclusion can limit access to education, work, health care, and social participation. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Universal design can benefit passengers beyond those with formally recognised disabilities. The discussion also suggests that Accessibility is more dependable when built into routine design and maintenance.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UN-Habitat and accessibility organisations.)
Which of the following best summarises the passage?
Chọn một đáp án
Thông tin đề
Cách sử dụng Đề luyện thi tốt nghiệp THPT môn Tiếng Anh nâng cao số 19
Trước khi làm: chuẩn bị giấy nháp, giữ đúng thời lượng 50 phút và hạn chế mở tài liệu để kết quả phản ánh đúng mức hiện tại.
Trong khi làm: câu trả lời được lưu tự động trên trình duyệt. Bạn có thể chuyển giữa chế độ từng câu và khổ A4 mà không mất lựa chọn đã nhập.
Sau khi nộp: xem điểm, đáp án đúng và phần giải thích. Hãy ghi lại nhóm lỗi sai để quyết định chuyên đề cần ôn lại trước đề tiếp theo.
Tự học sau khi làm đề
Đáp án và giải thích từng câu
Phần này giúp bạn rà soát lại kiến thức sau khi đã thử làm đề. Mỗi mục giữ nguyên nội dung câu hỏi, đáp án đúng và lời giải có trong dữ liệu gốc.
1Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 1
Many students assume that assessing urban water infiltration is simply allowing rain to soak into the ground. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. A regional water institute has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘Recharge the Aquifer’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (1).
A.technically nuanced
B.intellectual demand
C.demanded intellectually
D.intellectually demand
Đáp án: A
Giải thích:Sau ‘genuinely’ cần một tính từ hoặc cụm tính từ hoàn chỉnh; ‘technically nuanced’ phù hợp cả ngữ pháp lẫn nghĩa.
2Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 2
Many students assume that assessing urban water infiltration is simply allowing rain to soak into the ground. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. A regional water institute has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘Recharge the Aquifer’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (2).
A.catchment-scale recharge programme groundwater
B.catchment-scale groundwater recharge programme
C.catchment-scale groundwater programme recharge
D.catchment-scale recharge groundwater programme
Đáp án: B
Giải thích:Trật tự đúng của cụm danh từ là ‘catchment-scale groundwater recharge programme’, trong đó các từ bổ nghĩa đứng trước danh từ chính ‘programme’.
3Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 3
Many students assume that assessing urban water infiltration is simply allowing rain to soak into the ground. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. A regional water institute has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘Recharge the Aquifer’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (3).
A.covered
B.to cover
C.covers
D.covering
Đáp án: C
Giải thích:Chủ ngữ của mệnh đề quan hệ là danh từ số ít ‘a briefing’, nên cần động từ hiện tại đơn ngôi thứ ba số ít ‘covers’.
4Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 4
Many students assume that assessing urban water infiltration is simply allowing rain to soak into the ground. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. A regional water institute has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘Recharge the Aquifer’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (4).
A.for
B.with
C.at
D.to
Đáp án: D
Giải thích:Cụm ‘be tailored to’ yêu cầu giới từ ‘to’.
5Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 5
Many students assume that assessing urban water infiltration is simply allowing rain to soak into the ground. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. A regional water institute has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘Recharge the Aquifer’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (5).
A.develop hydrogeological reasoning
B.do hydrogeological reasoning
C.make hydrogeological reasoning
D.take hydrogeological reasoning
Đáp án: A
Giải thích:‘develop hydrogeological reasoning’ là kết hợp từ tự nhiên và phù hợp nhất với mục tiêu phát triển năng lực trong câu.
6Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 6
Many students assume that assessing urban water infiltration is simply allowing rain to soak into the ground. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. A regional water institute has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘Recharge the Aquifer’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (6).
A.having interpreting indirect evidence
B.interpreting indirect evidence
C.to interpreting indirect evidence
D.the interpreting indirect evidence
Đáp án: B
Giải thích:Sau ‘be accustomed to’, ‘to’ là giới từ nên phải dùng danh động từ hoặc cụm danh động từ: ‘interpreting indirect evidence’.
7Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 7
Design Transport for Everyone Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ physical and informational constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (7).
A.another
B.the others
C.other
D.others
Đáp án: C
Giải thích:‘Other’ đứng trước cụm danh từ số nhiều ‘constraints’; các lựa chọn còn lại không phù hợp cấu trúc.
8Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 8
Design Transport for Everyone Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ physical and informational constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (8).
A.carry out
B.bring about
C.come across
D.brush aside
Đáp án: D
Giải thích:‘Brush aside evidence’ nghĩa là gạt bỏ hoặc xem nhẹ bằng chứng; các cụm còn lại không phù hợp ngữ nghĩa.
9Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 9
Design Transport for Everyone Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ physical and informational constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (9).
A.consequences
B.consequent
C.consequently
D.consequence
Đáp án: A
Giải thích:Sau ‘serious long-term’ cần danh từ đếm được số nhiều; ‘consequences’ phù hợp cả ngữ pháp lẫn nghĩa.
10Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 10
Design Transport for Everyone Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ physical and informational constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (10).
A.Apart from
B.Rather than
C.Owing to
D.In case of
Đáp án: B
Giải thích:‘Rather than’ tạo quan hệ thay thế/đối chiếu: không dựa vào một quan sát mà nên so sánh nhiều nguồn.
11Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 11
Design Transport for Everyone Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ physical and informational constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (11).
A.quality
B.level
C.likelihood
D.amount
Đáp án: C
Giải thích:Cụm ‘the likelihood of doing something’ diễn đạt xác suất hoặc khả năng xảy ra một kết quả.
12Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 12
Design Transport for Everyone Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ physical and informational constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (12).
A.substances
B.factors
C.amounts
D.records
Đáp án: D
Giải thích:‘Records’ phù hợp với động từ ‘organise’ và ý lưu lại dữ liệu để quyết định sau này có thể được kiểm tra.
13Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 13
Choose the best arrangement of the following utterances to make a meaningful exchange. a. Mai: That sounds worthwhile. What will you focus on there? b. Khoa: I have registered for a workshop on managed groundwater recharge at the river-basin field station. c. Khoa: We will learn how to compare recharge benefits with contamination risks.
A.a – b – c
B.b – c – a
C.b – a – c
D.c – a – b
Đáp án: C
Giải thích:Câu b mở đầu bằng thông tin đăng ký; câu a hỏi trọng tâm; câu c trả lời trực tiếp.
14Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 14
Choose the best arrangement of the following utterances to make a meaningful exchange. a. Linh: Why did you choose that particular session? b. Tuan: I am considering the advanced session on managed groundwater recharge. c. Tuan: Because it teaches participants to compare recharge benefits with contamination risks. d. Linh: I see. Does it mention any difficulties? e. Tuan: Yes. It warns that subsurface conditions cannot be observed directly.
A.d – b – a – e – c
B.a – b – c – e – d
C.b – c – a – d – e
D.b – a – c – d – e
Đáp án: D
Giải thích:Câu b nêu lựa chọn, a hỏi lý do, c giải thích, d hỏi thêm và e trả lời về khó khăn.
15Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 15
Choose the best arrangement of the following sentences to make a meaningful email. Hi Alex, a. Please let me know by Thursday whether you can join us. b. Last week, our class completed a preliminary activity on managed groundwater recharge. c. I am writing to invite you to the follow-up session at the river-basin field station. d. The discussion was demanding because subsurface conditions cannot be observed directly. e. The next session will show us how to compare recharge benefits with contamination risks.
A.c – e – b – a – d
B.d – b – c – e – a
C.b – c – d – a – e
D.c – b – d – e – a
Đáp án: D
Giải thích:Câu c nêu mục đích thư; b và d nhắc hoạt động trước; e giới thiệu buổi tiếp theo; a yêu cầu hồi âm.
16Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 16
Choose the best arrangement of the following sentences to make a meaningful paragraph. a. For example, learners can examine a realistic case involving managed groundwater recharge before proposing a response. b. Case-based learning can make lessons on managed groundwater recharge more intellectually demanding. c. It requires students to connect evidence, assumptions, and possible consequences. d. However, the teacher must provide sufficient background and clearly defined criteria. e. With that support, students can practise reasoning rather than merely recall isolated facts.
A.d – b – c – a – e
B.b – c – a – d – e
C.a – b – d – c – e
D.b – a – c – d – e
Đáp án: B
Giải thích:Câu b là câu chủ đề; c giải thích yêu cầu tư duy; a đưa ví dụ; d nêu điều kiện; e kết luận.
17Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 17
Choose the best arrangement of the following sentences to make a meaningful paragraph. a. Nevertheless, subsurface conditions cannot be observed directly. b. Interest in managed groundwater recharge has increased as its consequences have become more visible. c. This interest has encouraged schools and community organisations to offer specialised activities. d. In response, organisers are adding preliminary guidance and supervised practice. e. As a result, participants can tackle difficult material without being expected to master it immediately.
A.c – b – a – d – e
B.a – d – b – c – e
C.b – c – a – d – e
D.b – a – c – e – d
Đáp án: C
Giải thích:Câu b nêu xu hướng; c chỉ hệ quả; a chuyển sang khó khăn; d nêu phản ứng; e kết quả.
18Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 18
A neighbourhood infiltration monitoring network, once confined largely to specialist settings, is beginning to enter public service. A pilot system (18) ______. Since that demonstration, it has been evaluated in several real-world environments. The project is coordinated by a groundwater research partnership, (19) ______. (20) ______. Its designers therefore invited users and frontline staff to test early versions. (21) ______. What distinguishes the system, however, is its ability to combine rainfall, soil moisture, and well-level observations. Equipped with specialised sensors and decision rules, (22) ______. The developers emphasise that it cannot guarantee recharge where geology or water quality is unsuitable.
Choose the option that best fits blank (18).
A.that its first presentation was during a controlled public trial in 2024
B.was first presented during a controlled public trial in 2024
C.which first presenting during a controlled public trial in 2024
D.having first present during a controlled public trial in 2024
Đáp án: B
Giải thích:Sau chủ ngữ cần một vị ngữ hoàn chỉnh ở thể bị động: ‘was first presented ...’.
19Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 19
A neighbourhood infiltration monitoring network, once confined largely to specialist settings, is beginning to enter public service. A pilot system (18) ______. Since that demonstration, it has been evaluated in several real-world environments. The project is coordinated by a groundwater research partnership, (19) ______. (20) ______. Its designers therefore invited users and frontline staff to test early versions. (21) ______. What distinguishes the system, however, is its ability to combine rainfall, soil moisture, and well-level observations. Equipped with specialised sensors and decision rules, (22) ______. The developers emphasise that it cannot guarantee recharge where geology or water quality is unsuitable.
Choose the option that best fits blank (19).
A.of which team combining technical research and consultation from affected users
B.succeeded to combine by technical research and affected users
C.whose team combines technical research with consultation from affected users
D.which its team combines technical research with consultation from affected users
Đáp án: C
Giải thích:‘Whose team ...’ là mệnh đề quan hệ sở hữu đúng, bổ nghĩa cho tổ chức đứng trước.
20Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 20
A neighbourhood infiltration monitoring network, once confined largely to specialist settings, is beginning to enter public service. A pilot system (18) ______. Since that demonstration, it has been evaluated in several real-world environments. The project is coordinated by a groundwater research partnership, (19) ______. (20) ______. Its designers therefore invited users and frontline staff to test early versions. (21) ______. What distinguishes the system, however, is its ability to combine rainfall, soil moisture, and well-level observations. Equipped with specialised sensors and decision rules, (22) ______. The developers emphasise that it cannot guarantee recharge where geology or water quality is unsuitable.
Choose the option that best fits blank (20).
A.Although technical accuracy alone guaranteeing a public system to trust and use
B.Technical accuracy alone, which does not a guarantee of public trust and usability
C.Having guaranteed public trust, technical accuracy alone is not
D.Technical accuracy alone does not guarantee that a public system will be trusted or usable
Đáp án: D
Giải thích:Cần một câu hoàn chỉnh, logic với phần sau nói về việc mời người dùng tham gia thử nghiệm.
21Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 21
A neighbourhood infiltration monitoring network, once confined largely to specialist settings, is beginning to enter public service. A pilot system (18) ______. Since that demonstration, it has been evaluated in several real-world environments. The project is coordinated by a groundwater research partnership, (19) ______. (20) ______. Its designers therefore invited users and frontline staff to test early versions. (21) ______. What distinguishes the system, however, is its ability to combine rainfall, soil moisture, and well-level observations. Equipped with specialised sensors and decision rules, (22) ______. The developers emphasise that it cannot guarantee recharge where geology or water quality is unsuitable.
Choose the option that best fits blank (21).
A.Their feedback led to changes in language, controls, and warning thresholds
B.Having changed language, controls, and warning thresholds by their feedback
C.Language, controls, and warning thresholds led their feedback to change
D.Their feedback, which the changes in language, controls, and warning thresholds
Đáp án: A
Giải thích:Câu đúng có chủ ngữ ‘Their feedback’ và động từ ‘led to’, diễn đạt quan hệ nguyên nhân–kết quả rõ ràng.
22Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 22
A neighbourhood infiltration monitoring network, once confined largely to specialist settings, is beginning to enter public service. A pilot system (18) ______. Since that demonstration, it has been evaluated in several real-world environments. The project is coordinated by a groundwater research partnership, (19) ______. (20) ______. Its designers therefore invited users and frontline staff to test early versions. (21) ______. What distinguishes the system, however, is its ability to combine rainfall, soil moisture, and well-level observations. Equipped with specialised sensors and decision rules, (22) ______. The developers emphasise that it cannot guarantee recharge where geology or water quality is unsuitable.
Choose the option that best fits blank (22).
A.there can the system combine rainfall, soil moisture, and well-level observations
B.the system can combine rainfall, soil moisture, and well-level observations
C.combine rainfall, soil moisture, and well-level observations can be the system
D.the system, which combine rainfall, soil moisture, and well-level observations
Đáp án: B
Giải thích:Cụm phân từ đầu câu ‘Equipped with ...’ phải bổ nghĩa cho chủ ngữ ‘the system’; phương án A tạo câu hoàn chỉnh và không bị lỗi chủ ngữ treo.
23Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 23
Managed groundwater recharge has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine identifying suitable infiltration sites, protecting water quality, and monitoring aquifer response. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Water managers and hydrogeologists must increase groundwater storage without creating unacceptable contamination risks. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because subsurface conditions differ, the same design may perform well in one location and poorly in another.
A persistent obstacle is that recharge rates vary with soil, geology, land use, and the timing of available water. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Recharge projects require both quantity and water-quality assessment.
Modern practice increasingly uses infiltration basins, recharge wells, and water-balance monitoring. In particular, sensor networks, groundwater models, and managed infiltration facilities can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Adding water underground is not automatically beneficial; the source, site, and monitoring plan all matter.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the U.S. Geological Survey.)
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a component of an effective response?
A.protecting water quality
B.monitoring aquifer response
C.identifying suitable infiltration sites
D.directing polluted runoff into every available well
Đáp án: D
Giải thích:Đoạn 1 nêu identifying suitable infiltration sites, protecting water quality và monitoring aquifer response; không nêu ‘directing polluted runoff into every available well’.
24Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 24
Managed groundwater recharge has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine identifying suitable infiltration sites, protecting water quality, and monitoring aquifer response. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Water managers and hydrogeologists must increase groundwater storage without creating unacceptable contamination risks. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because subsurface conditions differ, the same design may perform well in one location and poorly in another.
A persistent obstacle is that recharge rates vary with soil, geology, land use, and the timing of available water. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Recharge projects require both quantity and water-quality assessment.
Modern practice increasingly uses infiltration basins, recharge wells, and water-balance monitoring. In particular, sensor networks, groundwater models, and managed infiltration facilities can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Adding water underground is not automatically beneficial; the source, site, and monitoring plan all matter.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the U.S. Geological Survey.)
The word ‘temporary’ in paragraph 1 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ______.
A.limited
B.uncertain
C.partial
D.lasting
Đáp án: D
Giải thích:‘Temporary’ nghĩa là tạm thời; từ trái nghĩa phù hợp là ‘lasting’ (bền lâu).
25Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 25
Managed groundwater recharge has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine identifying suitable infiltration sites, protecting water quality, and monitoring aquifer response. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Water managers and hydrogeologists must increase groundwater storage without creating unacceptable contamination risks. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because subsurface conditions differ, the same design may perform well in one location and poorly in another.
A persistent obstacle is that recharge rates vary with soil, geology, land use, and the timing of available water. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Recharge projects require both quantity and water-quality assessment.
Modern practice increasingly uses infiltration basins, recharge wells, and water-balance monitoring. In particular, sensor networks, groundwater models, and managed infiltration facilities can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Adding water underground is not automatically beneficial; the source, site, and monitoring plan all matter.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the U.S. Geological Survey.)
The word ‘Their’ in paragraph 2 refers to ______.
A.water managers and hydrogeologists
B.the consequences
C.individual incidents
D.modern practices
Đáp án: A
Giải thích:‘Their’ chỉ chủ thể vừa được nhắc đến là ‘water managers and hydrogeologists’.
26Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 26
Managed groundwater recharge has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine identifying suitable infiltration sites, protecting water quality, and monitoring aquifer response. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Water managers and hydrogeologists must increase groundwater storage without creating unacceptable contamination risks. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because subsurface conditions differ, the same design may perform well in one location and poorly in another.
A persistent obstacle is that recharge rates vary with soil, geology, land use, and the timing of available water. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Recharge projects require both quantity and water-quality assessment.
Modern practice increasingly uses infiltration basins, recharge wells, and water-balance monitoring. In particular, sensor networks, groundwater models, and managed infiltration facilities can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Adding water underground is not automatically beneficial; the source, site, and monitoring plan all matter.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the U.S. Geological Survey.)
The word ‘persistent’ in paragraph 3 could best be replaced by ______.
A.invisible
B.continuing
C.minor
D.accidental
Đáp án: B
Giải thích:Trong ngữ cảnh, ‘persistent’ nghĩa là kéo dài hoặc tiếp diễn, gần nhất với ‘continuing’.
27Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 27
Managed groundwater recharge has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine identifying suitable infiltration sites, protecting water quality, and monitoring aquifer response. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Water managers and hydrogeologists must increase groundwater storage without creating unacceptable contamination risks. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because subsurface conditions differ, the same design may perform well in one location and poorly in another.
A persistent obstacle is that recharge rates vary with soil, geology, land use, and the timing of available water. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Recharge projects require both quantity and water-quality assessment.
Modern practice increasingly uses infiltration basins, recharge wells, and water-balance monitoring. In particular, sensor networks, groundwater models, and managed infiltration facilities can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Adding water underground is not automatically beneficial; the source, site, and monitoring plan all matter.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the U.S. Geological Survey.)
Which of the following best paraphrases the final sentence?
A.Human decisions are unnecessary when digital systems can detect patterns.
B.Local knowledge should be ignored because it slows technical action.
C.Adding water underground is not automatically beneficial; the source, site, and monitoring plan all matter.
D.Technology automatically solves the problem once enough data are collected.
Đáp án: C
Giải thích:Phương án A giữ nguyên ý: công nghệ hỗ trợ nhưng không thay thế chính sách, chuyên môn và hành vi có trách nhiệm.
28Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 28
Managed groundwater recharge has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine identifying suitable infiltration sites, protecting water quality, and monitoring aquifer response. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Water managers and hydrogeologists must increase groundwater storage without creating unacceptable contamination risks. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because subsurface conditions differ, the same design may perform well in one location and poorly in another.
A persistent obstacle is that recharge rates vary with soil, geology, land use, and the timing of available water. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Recharge projects require both quantity and water-quality assessment.
Modern practice increasingly uses infiltration basins, recharge wells, and water-balance monitoring. In particular, sensor networks, groundwater models, and managed infiltration facilities can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Adding water underground is not automatically beneficial; the source, site, and monitoring plan all matter.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the U.S. Geological Survey.)
Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A.Directing polluted runoff into every available well.
B.A single isolated measure is always sufficient.
C.Uncertainty makes all preventive action pointless.
D.Recharge projects require both quantity and water-quality assessment.
Đáp án: D
Giải thích:Phương án A được nêu trực tiếp trong đoạn 3; các lựa chọn còn lại trái với nội dung bài.
29Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 29
Managed groundwater recharge has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine identifying suitable infiltration sites, protecting water quality, and monitoring aquifer response. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Water managers and hydrogeologists must increase groundwater storage without creating unacceptable contamination risks. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because subsurface conditions differ, the same design may perform well in one location and poorly in another.
A persistent obstacle is that recharge rates vary with soil, geology, land use, and the timing of available water. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Recharge projects require both quantity and water-quality assessment.
Modern practice increasingly uses infiltration basins, recharge wells, and water-balance monitoring. In particular, sensor networks, groundwater models, and managed infiltration facilities can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Adding water underground is not automatically beneficial; the source, site, and monitoring plan all matter.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the U.S. Geological Survey.)
In which paragraph does the writer explain a causal relationship affecting the choices of key actors?
A.Paragraph 1
B.Paragraph 2
C.Paragraph 3
D.Paragraph 4
Đáp án: B
Giải thích:Đoạn 2 trình bày nguyên nhân–hệ quả và cách điều đó chi phối lựa chọn của các chủ thể.
30Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 30
Managed groundwater recharge has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine identifying suitable infiltration sites, protecting water quality, and monitoring aquifer response. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Water managers and hydrogeologists must increase groundwater storage without creating unacceptable contamination risks. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because subsurface conditions differ, the same design may perform well in one location and poorly in another.
A persistent obstacle is that recharge rates vary with soil, geology, land use, and the timing of available water. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Recharge projects require both quantity and water-quality assessment.
Modern practice increasingly uses infiltration basins, recharge wells, and water-balance monitoring. In particular, sensor networks, groundwater models, and managed infiltration facilities can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Adding water underground is not automatically beneficial; the source, site, and monitoring plan all matter.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the U.S. Geological Survey.)
In which paragraph does the writer discuss modern tools for detecting patterns and supporting earlier action?
A.Paragraph 4
B.Paragraph 1
C.Paragraph 2
D.Paragraph 3
Đáp án: A
Giải thích:Đoạn 4 đề cập các phương pháp hiện đại, công cụ số hoặc mạng lưới dữ liệu.
31Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 31
[I] Transport systems often assume that every passenger can see, hear, walk, and process information in the same way. [II] As a result, poor design can exclude older people, disabled passengers, caregivers, and travellers carrying luggage. [III] A credible response centres on step-free access, clear information, predictable layouts, and staff support. [IV]
Implementation depends on accessible vehicles and stations, multisensory information, and reliable maintenance. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Exclusion can limit access to education, work, health care, and social participation. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Universal design can benefit passengers beyond those with formally recognised disabilities. The discussion also suggests that Accessibility is more dependable when built into routine design and maintenance.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UN-Habitat and accessibility organisations.)
Where in paragraph 1 does the following sentence best fit? ‘Yet the benefits depend on careful design rather than on the label attached to a project.’
A.[III]
B.[IV]
C.[I]
D.[II]
Đáp án: B
Giải thích:Câu chèn nêu điều kiện/giới hạn sau khi ba câu trước đã giới thiệu nguyên nhân, hệ quả và hướng ứng phó; vị trí [IV] liên kết tự nhiên nhất.
32Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 32
[I] Transport systems often assume that every passenger can see, hear, walk, and process information in the same way. [II] As a result, poor design can exclude older people, disabled passengers, caregivers, and travellers carrying luggage. [III] A credible response centres on step-free access, clear information, predictable layouts, and staff support. [IV]
Implementation depends on accessible vehicles and stations, multisensory information, and reliable maintenance. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Exclusion can limit access to education, work, health care, and social participation. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Universal design can benefit passengers beyond those with formally recognised disabilities. The discussion also suggests that Accessibility is more dependable when built into routine design and maintenance.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UN-Habitat and accessibility organisations.)
The phrase ‘far-reaching’ in paragraph 3 could best be replaced by ______.
A.easy to reverse
B.narrowly technical
C.completely invisible
D.wide-ranging
Đáp án: D
Giải thích:‘Far-reaching’ nghĩa là có ảnh hưởng rộng, gần nhất với ‘wide-ranging’.
33Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 33
[I] Transport systems often assume that every passenger can see, hear, walk, and process information in the same way. [II] As a result, poor design can exclude older people, disabled passengers, caregivers, and travellers carrying luggage. [III] A credible response centres on step-free access, clear information, predictable layouts, and staff support. [IV]
Implementation depends on accessible vehicles and stations, multisensory information, and reliable maintenance. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Exclusion can limit access to education, work, health care, and social participation. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Universal design can benefit passengers beyond those with formally recognised disabilities. The discussion also suggests that Accessibility is more dependable when built into routine design and maintenance.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UN-Habitat and accessibility organisations.)
The expression ‘These factors’ in paragraph 2 refers to ______.
A.accessible vehicles and stations, multisensory information and reliable maintenance
B.providing accessibility only after a passenger complains
C.the label attached to a project
D.long-term resilience
Đáp án: A
Giải thích:‘These factors’ quy chiếu về ba yếu tố triển khai được liệt kê ngay trong câu trước.
34Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 34
[I] Transport systems often assume that every passenger can see, hear, walk, and process information in the same way. [II] As a result, poor design can exclude older people, disabled passengers, caregivers, and travellers carrying luggage. [III] A credible response centres on step-free access, clear information, predictable layouts, and staff support. [IV]
Implementation depends on accessible vehicles and stations, multisensory information, and reliable maintenance. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Exclusion can limit access to education, work, health care, and social participation. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Universal design can benefit passengers beyond those with formally recognised disabilities. The discussion also suggests that Accessibility is more dependable when built into routine design and maintenance.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UN-Habitat and accessibility organisations.)
According to paragraph 2, which of the following is NOT an implementation factor?
A.reliable maintenance
B.accessible vehicles and stations
C.providing accessibility only after a passenger complains
D.multisensory information
Đáp án: C
Giải thích:Đoạn 2 nêu ba yếu tố triển khai; ‘providing accessibility only after a passenger complains’ không phải yếu tố được khuyến nghị.
35Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 35
[I] Transport systems often assume that every passenger can see, hear, walk, and process information in the same way. [II] As a result, poor design can exclude older people, disabled passengers, caregivers, and travellers carrying luggage. [III] A credible response centres on step-free access, clear information, predictable layouts, and staff support. [IV]
Implementation depends on accessible vehicles and stations, multisensory information, and reliable maintenance. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Exclusion can limit access to education, work, health care, and social participation. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Universal design can benefit passengers beyond those with formally recognised disabilities. The discussion also suggests that Accessibility is more dependable when built into routine design and maintenance.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UN-Habitat and accessibility organisations.)
Which of the following best summarises paragraph 3?
A.Fairness is unrelated to technical and environmental decisions.
B.All impacts disappear as soon as a pilot project begins.
C.Transport barriers can restrict participation across many areas of life.
D.The issue has no consequences beyond equipment performance.
Đáp án: C
Giải thích:Phương án A khái quát đúng các tác động rộng được trình bày ở đoạn 3.
36Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 36
[I] Transport systems often assume that every passenger can see, hear, walk, and process information in the same way. [II] As a result, poor design can exclude older people, disabled passengers, caregivers, and travellers carrying luggage. [III] A credible response centres on step-free access, clear information, predictable layouts, and staff support. [IV]
Implementation depends on accessible vehicles and stations, multisensory information, and reliable maintenance. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Exclusion can limit access to education, work, health care, and social participation. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Universal design can benefit passengers beyond those with formally recognised disabilities. The discussion also suggests that Accessibility is more dependable when built into routine design and maintenance.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UN-Habitat and accessibility organisations.)
The word ‘continuous’ in paragraph 2 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ______.
A.expensive
B.measurable
C.local
D.intermittent
Đáp án: D
Giải thích:‘Continuous’ nghĩa là liên tục; từ trái nghĩa phù hợp là ‘intermittent’ (gián đoạn, không liên tục).
37Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 37
[I] Transport systems often assume that every passenger can see, hear, walk, and process information in the same way. [II] As a result, poor design can exclude older people, disabled passengers, caregivers, and travellers carrying luggage. [III] A credible response centres on step-free access, clear information, predictable layouts, and staff support. [IV]
Implementation depends on accessible vehicles and stations, multisensory information, and reliable maintenance. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Exclusion can limit access to education, work, health care, and social participation. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Universal design can benefit passengers beyond those with formally recognised disabilities. The discussion also suggests that Accessibility is more dependable when built into routine design and maintenance.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UN-Habitat and accessibility organisations.)
Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A.Universal design can benefit passengers beyond those with formally recognised disabilities.
B.Providing accessibility only after a passenger complains.
C.Maintenance is unnecessary after installation.
D.A project label guarantees successful results.
Đáp án: A
Giải thích:Phương án A được nêu trực tiếp trong đoạn 4; các phương án khác trái với lập luận của bài.
38Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 38
[I] Transport systems often assume that every passenger can see, hear, walk, and process information in the same way. [II] As a result, poor design can exclude older people, disabled passengers, caregivers, and travellers carrying luggage. [III] A credible response centres on step-free access, clear information, predictable layouts, and staff support. [IV]
Implementation depends on accessible vehicles and stations, multisensory information, and reliable maintenance. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Exclusion can limit access to education, work, health care, and social participation. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Universal design can benefit passengers beyond those with formally recognised disabilities. The discussion also suggests that Accessibility is more dependable when built into routine design and maintenance.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UN-Habitat and accessibility organisations.)
Which of the following best paraphrases the main idea of paragraph 4?
A.Uncertainty means that no action should be taken.
B.Successful planning combines technology, operations, responsibility, and long-term system thinking.
C.The issue can be solved by purchasing one advanced device.
D.Planning should avoid community or institutional responsibility.
Đáp án: B
Giải thích:Đoạn 4 nhấn mạnh cách tiếp cận hệ thống, trách nhiệm rõ ràng và duy trì lâu dài.
39Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 39
[I] Transport systems often assume that every passenger can see, hear, walk, and process information in the same way. [II] As a result, poor design can exclude older people, disabled passengers, caregivers, and travellers carrying luggage. [III] A credible response centres on step-free access, clear information, predictable layouts, and staff support. [IV]
Implementation depends on accessible vehicles and stations, multisensory information, and reliable maintenance. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Exclusion can limit access to education, work, health care, and social participation. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Universal design can benefit passengers beyond those with formally recognised disabilities. The discussion also suggests that Accessibility is more dependable when built into routine design and maintenance.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UN-Habitat and accessibility organisations.)
Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A.Long-term maintenance reduces the need for all initial planning.
B.Technical performance is the only legitimate evaluation criterion.
C.Accessibility is more dependable when built into routine design and maintenance.
D.The recommended intervention works identically in every location.
Đáp án: C
Giải thích:Phương án A là suy luận hợp lý từ các điều kiện và giới hạn được nêu; các lựa chọn khác tuyệt đối hoá hoặc mâu thuẫn với bài.
40Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 40
[I] Transport systems often assume that every passenger can see, hear, walk, and process information in the same way. [II] As a result, poor design can exclude older people, disabled passengers, caregivers, and travellers carrying luggage. [III] A credible response centres on step-free access, clear information, predictable layouts, and staff support. [IV]
Implementation depends on accessible vehicles and stations, multisensory information, and reliable maintenance. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Exclusion can limit access to education, work, health care, and social participation. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Universal design can benefit passengers beyond those with formally recognised disabilities. The discussion also suggests that Accessibility is more dependable when built into routine design and maintenance.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UN-Habitat and accessibility organisations.)
Which of the following best summarises the passage?
A.Universal public-transport design is a purely technical matter that has no social or environmental consequences.
B.The passage argues that providing accessibility only after a passenger complains is the only effective strategy.
C.The passage claims that installing new technology automatically guarantees equitable and permanent success.
D.Inclusive transport depends on accessible infrastructure, understandable information, and reliable operations designed from the outset.
Đáp án: D
Giải thích:Phương án A bao quát nguyên nhân, giải pháp, điều kiện thực hiện và tác động của toàn bài.
