Đề luyện thi tốt nghiệp THPT môn Tiếng Anh nâng cao số 18
Đề luyện thi Tiếng Anh nâng cao theo cấu trúc môn Ngoại ngữ áp dụng từ năm 2025, gồm 40 câu trắc nghiệm nhiều lựa chọn trong 50 phút. Chủ đề trọng tâm: Reliable Health Logistics and Wetland Recovery. Ngữ liệu được viết mới và đối chiếu theo tài liệu chính thức của Bộ Giáo dục và Đào tạo, Cambridge English, British Council cùng các tổ chức quốc tế có uy tín; có đáp án và giải thích tiếng Việt.
Câu 1.
Many students assume that planning temperature-controlled deliveries is simply placing medicine in a refrigerator. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. A humanitarian logistics academy has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘Cold Chain Challenge’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (1).
A. intellectual demand
B. demanded intellectually
C. intellectually demand
D. operationally demanding
Câu 2.
Many students assume that planning temperature-controlled deliveries is simply placing medicine in a refrigerator. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. A humanitarian logistics academy has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘Cold Chain Challenge’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (2).
A. solar-supported vaccine logistics programme
B. solar-supported vaccine programme logistics
C. solar-supported logistics vaccine programme
D. solar-supported logistics programme vaccine
Câu 3.
Many students assume that planning temperature-controlled deliveries is simply placing medicine in a refrigerator. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. A humanitarian logistics academy has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘Cold Chain Challenge’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (3).
A. to cover
B. covers
C. covering
D. covered
Câu 4.
Many students assume that planning temperature-controlled deliveries is simply placing medicine in a refrigerator. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. A humanitarian logistics academy has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘Cold Chain Challenge’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (4).
A. with
B. at
C. to
D. for
Câu 5.
Many students assume that planning temperature-controlled deliveries is simply placing medicine in a refrigerator. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. A humanitarian logistics academy has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘Cold Chain Challenge’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (5).
A. do contingency planning
B. make contingency planning
C. take contingency planning
D. master contingency planning
Câu 6.
Many students assume that planning temperature-controlled deliveries is simply placing medicine in a refrigerator. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. A humanitarian logistics academy has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘Cold Chain Challenge’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (6).
A. maintaining accurate records
B. to maintaining accurate records
C. the maintaining accurate records
D. having maintaining accurate records
Câu 7.
Let Wetlands Work
Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ hydrological and ecological constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (7).
A. the others
B. other
C. others
D. another
Câu 8.
Let Wetlands Work
Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ hydrological and ecological constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (8).
A. bring about
B. come across
C. brush aside
D. carry out
Câu 9.
Let Wetlands Work
Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ hydrological and ecological constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (9).
A. consequent
B. consequently
C. consequence
D. consequences
Câu 10.
Let Wetlands Work
Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ hydrological and ecological constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (10).
A. Instead of
B. Owing to
C. In case of
D. Apart from
Câu 11.
Let Wetlands Work
Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ hydrological and ecological constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (11).
A. level
B. likelihood
C. amount
D. quality
Câu 12.
Let Wetlands Work
Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ hydrological and ecological constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (12).
A. factors
B. amounts
C. records
D. substances
Câu 13.
Choose the best arrangement of the following utterances to make a meaningful exchange.
a. Mai: That sounds worthwhile. What will you focus on there?
b. Khoa: I have registered for a workshop on vaccine cold-chain monitoring at the provincial health warehouse.
c. Khoa: We will learn how to detect temperature excursions before products are used.
A. b – c – a
B. b – a – c
C. c – a – b
D. a – b – c
Câu 14.
Choose the best arrangement of the following utterances to make a meaningful exchange.
a. Linh: Why did you choose that particular session?
b. Tuan: I am considering the advanced session on vaccine cold-chain monitoring.
c. Tuan: Because it teaches participants to detect temperature excursions before products are used.
d. Linh: I see. Does it mention any difficulties?
e. Tuan: Yes. It warns that power interruptions and transport delays can occur together.
A. a – b – c – e – d
B. b – c – a – d – e
C. b – a – c – d – e
D. d – b – a – e – c
Câu 15.
Choose the best arrangement of the following sentences to make a meaningful email.
Hi Alex,
a. Please let me know by Thursday whether you can join us.
b. Last week, our class completed a preliminary activity on vaccine cold-chain monitoring.
c. I am writing to invite you to the follow-up session at the provincial health warehouse.
d. The discussion was demanding because power interruptions and transport delays can occur together.
e. The next session will show us how to detect temperature excursions before products are used.
A. d – b – c – e – a
B. b – c – d – a – e
C. c – b – d – e – a
D. c – e – b – a – d
Câu 16.
Choose the best arrangement of the following sentences to make a meaningful paragraph.
a. For example, learners can examine a realistic case involving vaccine cold-chain monitoring before proposing a response.
b. Case-based learning can make lessons on vaccine cold-chain monitoring more intellectually demanding.
c. It requires students to connect evidence, assumptions, and possible consequences.
d. However, the teacher must provide sufficient background and clearly defined criteria.
e. With that support, students can practise reasoning rather than merely recall isolated facts.
A. b – c – a – d – e
B. a – b – d – c – e
C. b – a – c – d – e
D. d – b – c – a – e
Câu 17.
Choose the best arrangement of the following sentences to make a meaningful paragraph.
a. Nevertheless, power interruptions and transport delays can occur together.
b. Interest in vaccine cold-chain monitoring has increased as its consequences have become more visible.
c. This interest has encouraged schools and community organisations to offer specialised activities.
d. In response, organisers are adding preliminary guidance and supervised practice.
e. As a result, participants can tackle difficult material without being expected to master it immediately.
A. a – d – b – c – e
B. b – c – a – d – e
C. b – a – c – e – d
D. c – b – a – d – e
Câu 18.
A solar-powered cold-chain monitor, once confined largely to specialist settings, is beginning to enter public service. A pilot system (18) ______. Since that demonstration, it has been evaluated in several real-world environments. The project is coordinated by a public health supply laboratory, (19) ______. (20) ______. Its designers therefore invited users and frontline staff to test early versions. (21) ______. What distinguishes the system, however, is its ability to record storage temperatures and send alerts during power failures. Equipped with specialised sensors and decision rules, (22) ______. The developers emphasise that it cannot compensate for poor packing, delayed transport, or untrained staff.
Choose the option that best fits blank (18).
A. was first presented during a controlled public trial in 2024
B. which first presenting during a controlled public trial in 2024
C. having first present during a controlled public trial in 2024
D. that its first presentation was during a controlled public trial in 2024
Câu 19.
A solar-powered cold-chain monitor, once confined largely to specialist settings, is beginning to enter public service. A pilot system (18) ______. Since that demonstration, it has been evaluated in several real-world environments. The project is coordinated by a public health supply laboratory, (19) ______. (20) ______. Its designers therefore invited users and frontline staff to test early versions. (21) ______. What distinguishes the system, however, is its ability to record storage temperatures and send alerts during power failures. Equipped with specialised sensors and decision rules, (22) ______. The developers emphasise that it cannot compensate for poor packing, delayed transport, or untrained staff.
Choose the option that best fits blank (19).
A. succeeded to combine by technical research and affected users
B. whose team combines technical research with consultation from affected users
C. which its team combines technical research with consultation from affected users
D. of which team combining technical research and consultation from affected users
Câu 20.
A solar-powered cold-chain monitor, once confined largely to specialist settings, is beginning to enter public service. A pilot system (18) ______. Since that demonstration, it has been evaluated in several real-world environments. The project is coordinated by a public health supply laboratory, (19) ______. (20) ______. Its designers therefore invited users and frontline staff to test early versions. (21) ______. What distinguishes the system, however, is its ability to record storage temperatures and send alerts during power failures. Equipped with specialised sensors and decision rules, (22) ______. The developers emphasise that it cannot compensate for poor packing, delayed transport, or untrained staff.
Choose the option that best fits blank (20).
A. Technical accuracy alone, which does not a guarantee of public trust and usability
B. Having guaranteed public trust, technical accuracy alone is not
C. Technical accuracy alone does not guarantee that a public system will be trusted or usable
D. Although technical accuracy alone guaranteeing a public system to trust and use
Câu 21.
A solar-powered cold-chain monitor, once confined largely to specialist settings, is beginning to enter public service. A pilot system (18) ______. Since that demonstration, it has been evaluated in several real-world environments. The project is coordinated by a public health supply laboratory, (19) ______. (20) ______. Its designers therefore invited users and frontline staff to test early versions. (21) ______. What distinguishes the system, however, is its ability to record storage temperatures and send alerts during power failures. Equipped with specialised sensors and decision rules, (22) ______. The developers emphasise that it cannot compensate for poor packing, delayed transport, or untrained staff.
Choose the option that best fits blank (21).
A. Having changed language, controls, and warning thresholds by their feedback
B. Language, controls, and warning thresholds led their feedback to change
C. Their feedback, which the changes in language, controls, and warning thresholds
D. Their feedback led to changes in language, controls, and warning thresholds
Câu 22.
A solar-powered cold-chain monitor, once confined largely to specialist settings, is beginning to enter public service. A pilot system (18) ______. Since that demonstration, it has been evaluated in several real-world environments. The project is coordinated by a public health supply laboratory, (19) ______. (20) ______. Its designers therefore invited users and frontline staff to test early versions. (21) ______. What distinguishes the system, however, is its ability to record storage temperatures and send alerts during power failures. Equipped with specialised sensors and decision rules, (22) ______. The developers emphasise that it cannot compensate for poor packing, delayed transport, or untrained staff.
Choose the option that best fits blank (22).
A. the system can record storage temperatures and send alerts during power failures
B. record storage temperatures and send alerts during power failures can be the system
C. the system, which record storage temperatures and send alerts during power failures
D. there can the system record storage temperatures and send alerts during power failures
Câu 23.
Vaccine cold chains has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine reliable refrigeration, temperature monitoring, and trained handling throughout transport. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Health workers and supply teams must protect vaccine quality from the warehouse to the point of use. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because some vaccines can be damaged by unsuitable temperatures, unnoticed excursions may reduce quality.
A persistent obstacle is that power failures, damaged equipment, and incomplete records can interrupt temperature control. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Reliable energy and careful handling are both necessary for an effective cold chain.
Modern practice increasingly uses solar-powered equipment, remote monitoring, and planned maintenance. In particular, remote sensors and solar direct-drive refrigerators can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Technology can strengthen the cold chain, but disciplined procedures and trained staff remain essential.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UNICEF.)
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a component of an effective response?
A. trained handling throughout transport
B. reliable refrigeration
C. storing every vaccine at any convenient temperature
D. temperature monitoring
Câu 24.
Vaccine cold chains has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine reliable refrigeration, temperature monitoring, and trained handling throughout transport. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Health workers and supply teams must protect vaccine quality from the warehouse to the point of use. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because some vaccines can be damaged by unsuitable temperatures, unnoticed excursions may reduce quality.
A persistent obstacle is that power failures, damaged equipment, and incomplete records can interrupt temperature control. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Reliable energy and careful handling are both necessary for an effective cold chain.
Modern practice increasingly uses solar-powered equipment, remote monitoring, and planned maintenance. In particular, remote sensors and solar direct-drive refrigerators can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Technology can strengthen the cold chain, but disciplined procedures and trained staff remain essential.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UNICEF.)
The word ‘temporary’ in paragraph 1 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ______.
A. uncertain
B. partial
C. lasting
D. limited
Câu 25.
Vaccine cold chains has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine reliable refrigeration, temperature monitoring, and trained handling throughout transport. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Health workers and supply teams must protect vaccine quality from the warehouse to the point of use. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because some vaccines can be damaged by unsuitable temperatures, unnoticed excursions may reduce quality.
A persistent obstacle is that power failures, damaged equipment, and incomplete records can interrupt temperature control. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Reliable energy and careful handling are both necessary for an effective cold chain.
Modern practice increasingly uses solar-powered equipment, remote monitoring, and planned maintenance. In particular, remote sensors and solar direct-drive refrigerators can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Technology can strengthen the cold chain, but disciplined procedures and trained staff remain essential.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UNICEF.)
The word ‘Their’ in paragraph 2 refers to ______.
A. the consequences
B. individual incidents
C. modern practices
D. health workers and supply teams
Câu 26.
Vaccine cold chains has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine reliable refrigeration, temperature monitoring, and trained handling throughout transport. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Health workers and supply teams must protect vaccine quality from the warehouse to the point of use. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because some vaccines can be damaged by unsuitable temperatures, unnoticed excursions may reduce quality.
A persistent obstacle is that power failures, damaged equipment, and incomplete records can interrupt temperature control. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Reliable energy and careful handling are both necessary for an effective cold chain.
Modern practice increasingly uses solar-powered equipment, remote monitoring, and planned maintenance. In particular, remote sensors and solar direct-drive refrigerators can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Technology can strengthen the cold chain, but disciplined procedures and trained staff remain essential.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UNICEF.)
The word ‘persistent’ in paragraph 3 could best be replaced by ______.
A. continuing
B. minor
C. accidental
D. invisible
Câu 27.
Vaccine cold chains has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine reliable refrigeration, temperature monitoring, and trained handling throughout transport. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Health workers and supply teams must protect vaccine quality from the warehouse to the point of use. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because some vaccines can be damaged by unsuitable temperatures, unnoticed excursions may reduce quality.
A persistent obstacle is that power failures, damaged equipment, and incomplete records can interrupt temperature control. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Reliable energy and careful handling are both necessary for an effective cold chain.
Modern practice increasingly uses solar-powered equipment, remote monitoring, and planned maintenance. In particular, remote sensors and solar direct-drive refrigerators can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Technology can strengthen the cold chain, but disciplined procedures and trained staff remain essential.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UNICEF.)
Which of the following best paraphrases the final sentence?
A. Local knowledge should be ignored because it slows technical action.
B. Technology can strengthen the cold chain, but disciplined procedures and trained staff remain essential.
C. Technology automatically solves the problem once enough data are collected.
D. Human decisions are unnecessary when digital systems can detect patterns.
Câu 28.
Vaccine cold chains has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine reliable refrigeration, temperature monitoring, and trained handling throughout transport. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Health workers and supply teams must protect vaccine quality from the warehouse to the point of use. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because some vaccines can be damaged by unsuitable temperatures, unnoticed excursions may reduce quality.
A persistent obstacle is that power failures, damaged equipment, and incomplete records can interrupt temperature control. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Reliable energy and careful handling are both necessary for an effective cold chain.
Modern practice increasingly uses solar-powered equipment, remote monitoring, and planned maintenance. In particular, remote sensors and solar direct-drive refrigerators can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Technology can strengthen the cold chain, but disciplined procedures and trained staff remain essential.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UNICEF.)
Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. A single isolated measure is always sufficient.
B. Uncertainty makes all preventive action pointless.
C. Reliable energy and careful handling are both necessary for an effective cold chain.
D. Storing every vaccine at any convenient temperature.
Câu 29.
Vaccine cold chains has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine reliable refrigeration, temperature monitoring, and trained handling throughout transport. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Health workers and supply teams must protect vaccine quality from the warehouse to the point of use. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because some vaccines can be damaged by unsuitable temperatures, unnoticed excursions may reduce quality.
A persistent obstacle is that power failures, damaged equipment, and incomplete records can interrupt temperature control. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Reliable energy and careful handling are both necessary for an effective cold chain.
Modern practice increasingly uses solar-powered equipment, remote monitoring, and planned maintenance. In particular, remote sensors and solar direct-drive refrigerators can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Technology can strengthen the cold chain, but disciplined procedures and trained staff remain essential.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UNICEF.)
In which paragraph does the writer explain a causal relationship affecting the choices of key actors?
A. Paragraph 2
B. Paragraph 3
C. Paragraph 4
D. Paragraph 1
Câu 30.
Vaccine cold chains has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine reliable refrigeration, temperature monitoring, and trained handling throughout transport. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Health workers and supply teams must protect vaccine quality from the warehouse to the point of use. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because some vaccines can be damaged by unsuitable temperatures, unnoticed excursions may reduce quality.
A persistent obstacle is that power failures, damaged equipment, and incomplete records can interrupt temperature control. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Reliable energy and careful handling are both necessary for an effective cold chain.
Modern practice increasingly uses solar-powered equipment, remote monitoring, and planned maintenance. In particular, remote sensors and solar direct-drive refrigerators can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Technology can strengthen the cold chain, but disciplined procedures and trained staff remain essential.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UNICEF.)
In which paragraph does the writer discuss modern tools for detecting patterns and supporting earlier action?
A. Paragraph 1
B. Paragraph 2
C. Paragraph 3
D. Paragraph 4
Câu 31.
[I] Wetlands can store water, slow flows, and provide space for seasonal flooding. [II] As a result, damaged wetlands may lose both ecological functions and part of their buffering capacity. [III] A credible response centres on restoring water connections, native vegetation, and room for natural processes. [IV]
Implementation depends on hydrological connectivity, suitable plant communities, and space for water to spread safely. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Wetland loss can increase habitat decline and leave communities with fewer natural buffers. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Wetlands can support biodiversity while contributing to flood-risk reduction. The discussion also suggests that Restoration should complement, not automatically replace, other flood-management measures.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by environmental agencies and UN programmes.)
Where in paragraph 1 does the following sentence best fit?
‘Yet the benefits depend on careful design rather than on the label attached to a project.’
A. [IV]
B. [I]
C. [II]
D. [III]
Câu 32.
[I] Wetlands can store water, slow flows, and provide space for seasonal flooding. [II] As a result, damaged wetlands may lose both ecological functions and part of their buffering capacity. [III] A credible response centres on restoring water connections, native vegetation, and room for natural processes. [IV]
Implementation depends on hydrological connectivity, suitable plant communities, and space for water to spread safely. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Wetland loss can increase habitat decline and leave communities with fewer natural buffers. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Wetlands can support biodiversity while contributing to flood-risk reduction. The discussion also suggests that Restoration should complement, not automatically replace, other flood-management measures.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by environmental agencies and UN programmes.)
The phrase ‘far-reaching’ in paragraph 3 could best be replaced by ______.
A. narrowly technical
B. completely invisible
C. wide-ranging
D. easy to reverse
Câu 33.
[I] Wetlands can store water, slow flows, and provide space for seasonal flooding. [II] As a result, damaged wetlands may lose both ecological functions and part of their buffering capacity. [III] A credible response centres on restoring water connections, native vegetation, and room for natural processes. [IV]
Implementation depends on hydrological connectivity, suitable plant communities, and space for water to spread safely. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Wetland loss can increase habitat decline and leave communities with fewer natural buffers. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Wetlands can support biodiversity while contributing to flood-risk reduction. The discussion also suggests that Restoration should complement, not automatically replace, other flood-management measures.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by environmental agencies and UN programmes.)
The expression ‘These factors’ in paragraph 2 refers to ______.
A. confining all water to narrow concrete channels
B. the label attached to a project
C. long-term resilience
D. hydrological connectivity, suitable plant communities and space for water to spread safely
Câu 34.
[I] Wetlands can store water, slow flows, and provide space for seasonal flooding. [II] As a result, damaged wetlands may lose both ecological functions and part of their buffering capacity. [III] A credible response centres on restoring water connections, native vegetation, and room for natural processes. [IV]
Implementation depends on hydrological connectivity, suitable plant communities, and space for water to spread safely. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Wetland loss can increase habitat decline and leave communities with fewer natural buffers. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Wetlands can support biodiversity while contributing to flood-risk reduction. The discussion also suggests that Restoration should complement, not automatically replace, other flood-management measures.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by environmental agencies and UN programmes.)
According to paragraph 2, which of the following is NOT an implementation factor?
A. hydrological connectivity
B. confining all water to narrow concrete channels
C. suitable plant communities
D. space for water to spread safely
Câu 35.
[I] Wetlands can store water, slow flows, and provide space for seasonal flooding. [II] As a result, damaged wetlands may lose both ecological functions and part of their buffering capacity. [III] A credible response centres on restoring water connections, native vegetation, and room for natural processes. [IV]
Implementation depends on hydrological connectivity, suitable plant communities, and space for water to spread safely. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Wetland loss can increase habitat decline and leave communities with fewer natural buffers. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Wetlands can support biodiversity while contributing to flood-risk reduction. The discussion also suggests that Restoration should complement, not automatically replace, other flood-management measures.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by environmental agencies and UN programmes.)
Which of the following best summarises paragraph 3?
A. All impacts disappear as soon as a pilot project begins.
B. The decline of wetlands can create ecological and risk-management costs.
C. The issue has no consequences beyond equipment performance.
D. Fairness is unrelated to technical and environmental decisions.
Câu 36.
[I] Wetlands can store water, slow flows, and provide space for seasonal flooding. [II] As a result, damaged wetlands may lose both ecological functions and part of their buffering capacity. [III] A credible response centres on restoring water connections, native vegetation, and room for natural processes. [IV]
Implementation depends on hydrological connectivity, suitable plant communities, and space for water to spread safely. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Wetland loss can increase habitat decline and leave communities with fewer natural buffers. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Wetlands can support biodiversity while contributing to flood-risk reduction. The discussion also suggests that Restoration should complement, not automatically replace, other flood-management measures.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by environmental agencies and UN programmes.)
The word ‘continuous’ in paragraph 2 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ______.
A. measurable
B. local
C. intermittent
D. expensive
Câu 37.
[I] Wetlands can store water, slow flows, and provide space for seasonal flooding. [II] As a result, damaged wetlands may lose both ecological functions and part of their buffering capacity. [III] A credible response centres on restoring water connections, native vegetation, and room for natural processes. [IV]
Implementation depends on hydrological connectivity, suitable plant communities, and space for water to spread safely. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Wetland loss can increase habitat decline and leave communities with fewer natural buffers. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Wetlands can support biodiversity while contributing to flood-risk reduction. The discussion also suggests that Restoration should complement, not automatically replace, other flood-management measures.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by environmental agencies and UN programmes.)
Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Confining all water to narrow concrete channels.
B. Maintenance is unnecessary after installation.
C. A project label guarantees successful results.
D. Wetlands can support biodiversity while contributing to flood-risk reduction.
Câu 38.
[I] Wetlands can store water, slow flows, and provide space for seasonal flooding. [II] As a result, damaged wetlands may lose both ecological functions and part of their buffering capacity. [III] A credible response centres on restoring water connections, native vegetation, and room for natural processes. [IV]
Implementation depends on hydrological connectivity, suitable plant communities, and space for water to spread safely. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Wetland loss can increase habitat decline and leave communities with fewer natural buffers. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Wetlands can support biodiversity while contributing to flood-risk reduction. The discussion also suggests that Restoration should complement, not automatically replace, other flood-management measures.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by environmental agencies and UN programmes.)
Which of the following best paraphrases the main idea of paragraph 4?
A. Successful planning combines technology, operations, responsibility, and long-term system thinking.
B. The issue can be solved by purchasing one advanced device.
C. Planning should avoid community or institutional responsibility.
D. Uncertainty means that no action should be taken.
Câu 39.
[I] Wetlands can store water, slow flows, and provide space for seasonal flooding. [II] As a result, damaged wetlands may lose both ecological functions and part of their buffering capacity. [III] A credible response centres on restoring water connections, native vegetation, and room for natural processes. [IV]
Implementation depends on hydrological connectivity, suitable plant communities, and space for water to spread safely. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Wetland loss can increase habitat decline and leave communities with fewer natural buffers. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Wetlands can support biodiversity while contributing to flood-risk reduction. The discussion also suggests that Restoration should complement, not automatically replace, other flood-management measures.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by environmental agencies and UN programmes.)
Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A. Technical performance is the only legitimate evaluation criterion.
B. Restoration should complement, not automatically replace, other flood-management measures.
C. The recommended intervention works identically in every location.
D. Long-term maintenance reduces the need for all initial planning.
Câu 40.
[I] Wetlands can store water, slow flows, and provide space for seasonal flooding. [II] As a result, damaged wetlands may lose both ecological functions and part of their buffering capacity. [III] A credible response centres on restoring water connections, native vegetation, and room for natural processes. [IV]
Implementation depends on hydrological connectivity, suitable plant communities, and space for water to spread safely. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Wetland loss can increase habitat decline and leave communities with fewer natural buffers. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Wetlands can support biodiversity while contributing to flood-risk reduction. The discussion also suggests that Restoration should complement, not automatically replace, other flood-management measures.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by environmental agencies and UN programmes.)
Which of the following best summarises the passage?
A. The passage argues that confining all water to narrow concrete channels is the only effective strategy.
B. The passage claims that installing new technology automatically guarantees equitable and permanent success.
C. Healthy wetlands provide habitat and water-management benefits, but restoration must rebuild natural hydrology and fit wider flood plans.
D. Wetlands and flood management is a purely technical matter that has no social or environmental consequences.
