Đề luyện thi tốt nghiệp THPT môn Tiếng Anh nâng cao số 18
⏱ 50 phút📝 40 câu✅ Đã làm 0/40
Thời gian
50:00
Câu 1/40Đáp án được lưu tự động
1
Many students assume that planning temperature-controlled deliveries is simply placing medicine in a refrigerator. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. A humanitarian logistics academy has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘Cold Chain Challenge’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (1).
Chọn một đáp án
Đề luyện thi tốt nghiệp THPT
Đề luyện thi tốt nghiệp THPT môn Tiếng Anh nâng cao số 18
Thời gian làm bài: 50 phút
1
Many students assume that planning temperature-controlled deliveries is simply placing medicine in a refrigerator. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. A humanitarian logistics academy has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘Cold Chain Challenge’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (1).
Chọn một đáp án
2
Many students assume that planning temperature-controlled deliveries is simply placing medicine in a refrigerator. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. A humanitarian logistics academy has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘Cold Chain Challenge’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (2).
Chọn một đáp án
3
Many students assume that planning temperature-controlled deliveries is simply placing medicine in a refrigerator. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. A humanitarian logistics academy has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘Cold Chain Challenge’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (3).
Chọn một đáp án
4
Many students assume that planning temperature-controlled deliveries is simply placing medicine in a refrigerator. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. A humanitarian logistics academy has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘Cold Chain Challenge’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (4).
Chọn một đáp án
5
Many students assume that planning temperature-controlled deliveries is simply placing medicine in a refrigerator. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. A humanitarian logistics academy has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘Cold Chain Challenge’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (5).
Chọn một đáp án
6
Many students assume that planning temperature-controlled deliveries is simply placing medicine in a refrigerator. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. A humanitarian logistics academy has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘Cold Chain Challenge’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (6).
Chọn một đáp án
7
Let Wetlands Work Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ hydrological and ecological constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (7).
Chọn một đáp án
8
Let Wetlands Work Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ hydrological and ecological constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (8).
Chọn một đáp án
9
Let Wetlands Work Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ hydrological and ecological constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (9).
Chọn một đáp án
10
Let Wetlands Work Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ hydrological and ecological constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (10).
Chọn một đáp án
11
Let Wetlands Work Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ hydrological and ecological constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (11).
Chọn một đáp án
12
Let Wetlands Work Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ hydrological and ecological constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (12).
Chọn một đáp án
13
Choose the best arrangement of the following utterances to make a meaningful exchange. a. Mai: That sounds worthwhile. What will you focus on there? b. Khoa: I have registered for a workshop on vaccine cold-chain monitoring at the provincial health warehouse. c. Khoa: We will learn how to detect temperature excursions before products are used.
Chọn một đáp án
14
Choose the best arrangement of the following utterances to make a meaningful exchange. a. Linh: Why did you choose that particular session? b. Tuan: I am considering the advanced session on vaccine cold-chain monitoring. c. Tuan: Because it teaches participants to detect temperature excursions before products are used. d. Linh: I see. Does it mention any difficulties? e. Tuan: Yes. It warns that power interruptions and transport delays can occur together.
Chọn một đáp án
15
Choose the best arrangement of the following sentences to make a meaningful email. Hi Alex, a. Please let me know by Thursday whether you can join us. b. Last week, our class completed a preliminary activity on vaccine cold-chain monitoring. c. I am writing to invite you to the follow-up session at the provincial health warehouse. d. The discussion was demanding because power interruptions and transport delays can occur together. e. The next session will show us how to detect temperature excursions before products are used.
Chọn một đáp án
16
Choose the best arrangement of the following sentences to make a meaningful paragraph. a. For example, learners can examine a realistic case involving vaccine cold-chain monitoring before proposing a response. b. Case-based learning can make lessons on vaccine cold-chain monitoring more intellectually demanding. c. It requires students to connect evidence, assumptions, and possible consequences. d. However, the teacher must provide sufficient background and clearly defined criteria. e. With that support, students can practise reasoning rather than merely recall isolated facts.
Chọn một đáp án
17
Choose the best arrangement of the following sentences to make a meaningful paragraph. a. Nevertheless, power interruptions and transport delays can occur together. b. Interest in vaccine cold-chain monitoring has increased as its consequences have become more visible. c. This interest has encouraged schools and community organisations to offer specialised activities. d. In response, organisers are adding preliminary guidance and supervised practice. e. As a result, participants can tackle difficult material without being expected to master it immediately.
Chọn một đáp án
18
A solar-powered cold-chain monitor, once confined largely to specialist settings, is beginning to enter public service. A pilot system (18) ______. Since that demonstration, it has been evaluated in several real-world environments. The project is coordinated by a public health supply laboratory, (19) ______. (20) ______. Its designers therefore invited users and frontline staff to test early versions. (21) ______. What distinguishes the system, however, is its ability to record storage temperatures and send alerts during power failures. Equipped with specialised sensors and decision rules, (22) ______. The developers emphasise that it cannot compensate for poor packing, delayed transport, or untrained staff.
Choose the option that best fits blank (18).
Chọn một đáp án
19
A solar-powered cold-chain monitor, once confined largely to specialist settings, is beginning to enter public service. A pilot system (18) ______. Since that demonstration, it has been evaluated in several real-world environments. The project is coordinated by a public health supply laboratory, (19) ______. (20) ______. Its designers therefore invited users and frontline staff to test early versions. (21) ______. What distinguishes the system, however, is its ability to record storage temperatures and send alerts during power failures. Equipped with specialised sensors and decision rules, (22) ______. The developers emphasise that it cannot compensate for poor packing, delayed transport, or untrained staff.
Choose the option that best fits blank (19).
Chọn một đáp án
20
A solar-powered cold-chain monitor, once confined largely to specialist settings, is beginning to enter public service. A pilot system (18) ______. Since that demonstration, it has been evaluated in several real-world environments. The project is coordinated by a public health supply laboratory, (19) ______. (20) ______. Its designers therefore invited users and frontline staff to test early versions. (21) ______. What distinguishes the system, however, is its ability to record storage temperatures and send alerts during power failures. Equipped with specialised sensors and decision rules, (22) ______. The developers emphasise that it cannot compensate for poor packing, delayed transport, or untrained staff.
Choose the option that best fits blank (20).
Chọn một đáp án
21
A solar-powered cold-chain monitor, once confined largely to specialist settings, is beginning to enter public service. A pilot system (18) ______. Since that demonstration, it has been evaluated in several real-world environments. The project is coordinated by a public health supply laboratory, (19) ______. (20) ______. Its designers therefore invited users and frontline staff to test early versions. (21) ______. What distinguishes the system, however, is its ability to record storage temperatures and send alerts during power failures. Equipped with specialised sensors and decision rules, (22) ______. The developers emphasise that it cannot compensate for poor packing, delayed transport, or untrained staff.
Choose the option that best fits blank (21).
Chọn một đáp án
22
A solar-powered cold-chain monitor, once confined largely to specialist settings, is beginning to enter public service. A pilot system (18) ______. Since that demonstration, it has been evaluated in several real-world environments. The project is coordinated by a public health supply laboratory, (19) ______. (20) ______. Its designers therefore invited users and frontline staff to test early versions. (21) ______. What distinguishes the system, however, is its ability to record storage temperatures and send alerts during power failures. Equipped with specialised sensors and decision rules, (22) ______. The developers emphasise that it cannot compensate for poor packing, delayed transport, or untrained staff.
Choose the option that best fits blank (22).
Chọn một đáp án
23
Vaccine cold chains has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine reliable refrigeration, temperature monitoring, and trained handling throughout transport. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Health workers and supply teams must protect vaccine quality from the warehouse to the point of use. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because some vaccines can be damaged by unsuitable temperatures, unnoticed excursions may reduce quality.
A persistent obstacle is that power failures, damaged equipment, and incomplete records can interrupt temperature control. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Reliable energy and careful handling are both necessary for an effective cold chain.
Modern practice increasingly uses solar-powered equipment, remote monitoring, and planned maintenance. In particular, remote sensors and solar direct-drive refrigerators can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Technology can strengthen the cold chain, but disciplined procedures and trained staff remain essential.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UNICEF.)
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a component of an effective response?
Chọn một đáp án
24
Vaccine cold chains has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine reliable refrigeration, temperature monitoring, and trained handling throughout transport. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Health workers and supply teams must protect vaccine quality from the warehouse to the point of use. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because some vaccines can be damaged by unsuitable temperatures, unnoticed excursions may reduce quality.
A persistent obstacle is that power failures, damaged equipment, and incomplete records can interrupt temperature control. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Reliable energy and careful handling are both necessary for an effective cold chain.
Modern practice increasingly uses solar-powered equipment, remote monitoring, and planned maintenance. In particular, remote sensors and solar direct-drive refrigerators can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Technology can strengthen the cold chain, but disciplined procedures and trained staff remain essential.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UNICEF.)
The word ‘temporary’ in paragraph 1 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ______.
Chọn một đáp án
25
Vaccine cold chains has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine reliable refrigeration, temperature monitoring, and trained handling throughout transport. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Health workers and supply teams must protect vaccine quality from the warehouse to the point of use. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because some vaccines can be damaged by unsuitable temperatures, unnoticed excursions may reduce quality.
A persistent obstacle is that power failures, damaged equipment, and incomplete records can interrupt temperature control. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Reliable energy and careful handling are both necessary for an effective cold chain.
Modern practice increasingly uses solar-powered equipment, remote monitoring, and planned maintenance. In particular, remote sensors and solar direct-drive refrigerators can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Technology can strengthen the cold chain, but disciplined procedures and trained staff remain essential.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UNICEF.)
The word ‘Their’ in paragraph 2 refers to ______.
Chọn một đáp án
26
Vaccine cold chains has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine reliable refrigeration, temperature monitoring, and trained handling throughout transport. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Health workers and supply teams must protect vaccine quality from the warehouse to the point of use. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because some vaccines can be damaged by unsuitable temperatures, unnoticed excursions may reduce quality.
A persistent obstacle is that power failures, damaged equipment, and incomplete records can interrupt temperature control. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Reliable energy and careful handling are both necessary for an effective cold chain.
Modern practice increasingly uses solar-powered equipment, remote monitoring, and planned maintenance. In particular, remote sensors and solar direct-drive refrigerators can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Technology can strengthen the cold chain, but disciplined procedures and trained staff remain essential.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UNICEF.)
The word ‘persistent’ in paragraph 3 could best be replaced by ______.
Chọn một đáp án
27
Vaccine cold chains has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine reliable refrigeration, temperature monitoring, and trained handling throughout transport. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Health workers and supply teams must protect vaccine quality from the warehouse to the point of use. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because some vaccines can be damaged by unsuitable temperatures, unnoticed excursions may reduce quality.
A persistent obstacle is that power failures, damaged equipment, and incomplete records can interrupt temperature control. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Reliable energy and careful handling are both necessary for an effective cold chain.
Modern practice increasingly uses solar-powered equipment, remote monitoring, and planned maintenance. In particular, remote sensors and solar direct-drive refrigerators can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Technology can strengthen the cold chain, but disciplined procedures and trained staff remain essential.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UNICEF.)
Which of the following best paraphrases the final sentence?
Chọn một đáp án
28
Vaccine cold chains has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine reliable refrigeration, temperature monitoring, and trained handling throughout transport. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Health workers and supply teams must protect vaccine quality from the warehouse to the point of use. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because some vaccines can be damaged by unsuitable temperatures, unnoticed excursions may reduce quality.
A persistent obstacle is that power failures, damaged equipment, and incomplete records can interrupt temperature control. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Reliable energy and careful handling are both necessary for an effective cold chain.
Modern practice increasingly uses solar-powered equipment, remote monitoring, and planned maintenance. In particular, remote sensors and solar direct-drive refrigerators can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Technology can strengthen the cold chain, but disciplined procedures and trained staff remain essential.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UNICEF.)
Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
Chọn một đáp án
29
Vaccine cold chains has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine reliable refrigeration, temperature monitoring, and trained handling throughout transport. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Health workers and supply teams must protect vaccine quality from the warehouse to the point of use. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because some vaccines can be damaged by unsuitable temperatures, unnoticed excursions may reduce quality.
A persistent obstacle is that power failures, damaged equipment, and incomplete records can interrupt temperature control. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Reliable energy and careful handling are both necessary for an effective cold chain.
Modern practice increasingly uses solar-powered equipment, remote monitoring, and planned maintenance. In particular, remote sensors and solar direct-drive refrigerators can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Technology can strengthen the cold chain, but disciplined procedures and trained staff remain essential.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UNICEF.)
In which paragraph does the writer explain a causal relationship affecting the choices of key actors?
Chọn một đáp án
30
Vaccine cold chains has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine reliable refrigeration, temperature monitoring, and trained handling throughout transport. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Health workers and supply teams must protect vaccine quality from the warehouse to the point of use. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because some vaccines can be damaged by unsuitable temperatures, unnoticed excursions may reduce quality.
A persistent obstacle is that power failures, damaged equipment, and incomplete records can interrupt temperature control. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Reliable energy and careful handling are both necessary for an effective cold chain.
Modern practice increasingly uses solar-powered equipment, remote monitoring, and planned maintenance. In particular, remote sensors and solar direct-drive refrigerators can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Technology can strengthen the cold chain, but disciplined procedures and trained staff remain essential.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UNICEF.)
In which paragraph does the writer discuss modern tools for detecting patterns and supporting earlier action?
Chọn một đáp án
31
[I] Wetlands can store water, slow flows, and provide space for seasonal flooding. [II] As a result, damaged wetlands may lose both ecological functions and part of their buffering capacity. [III] A credible response centres on restoring water connections, native vegetation, and room for natural processes. [IV]
Implementation depends on hydrological connectivity, suitable plant communities, and space for water to spread safely. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Wetland loss can increase habitat decline and leave communities with fewer natural buffers. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Wetlands can support biodiversity while contributing to flood-risk reduction. The discussion also suggests that Restoration should complement, not automatically replace, other flood-management measures.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by environmental agencies and UN programmes.)
Where in paragraph 1 does the following sentence best fit? ‘Yet the benefits depend on careful design rather than on the label attached to a project.’
Chọn một đáp án
32
[I] Wetlands can store water, slow flows, and provide space for seasonal flooding. [II] As a result, damaged wetlands may lose both ecological functions and part of their buffering capacity. [III] A credible response centres on restoring water connections, native vegetation, and room for natural processes. [IV]
Implementation depends on hydrological connectivity, suitable plant communities, and space for water to spread safely. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Wetland loss can increase habitat decline and leave communities with fewer natural buffers. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Wetlands can support biodiversity while contributing to flood-risk reduction. The discussion also suggests that Restoration should complement, not automatically replace, other flood-management measures.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by environmental agencies and UN programmes.)
The phrase ‘far-reaching’ in paragraph 3 could best be replaced by ______.
Chọn một đáp án
33
[I] Wetlands can store water, slow flows, and provide space for seasonal flooding. [II] As a result, damaged wetlands may lose both ecological functions and part of their buffering capacity. [III] A credible response centres on restoring water connections, native vegetation, and room for natural processes. [IV]
Implementation depends on hydrological connectivity, suitable plant communities, and space for water to spread safely. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Wetland loss can increase habitat decline and leave communities with fewer natural buffers. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Wetlands can support biodiversity while contributing to flood-risk reduction. The discussion also suggests that Restoration should complement, not automatically replace, other flood-management measures.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by environmental agencies and UN programmes.)
The expression ‘These factors’ in paragraph 2 refers to ______.
Chọn một đáp án
34
[I] Wetlands can store water, slow flows, and provide space for seasonal flooding. [II] As a result, damaged wetlands may lose both ecological functions and part of their buffering capacity. [III] A credible response centres on restoring water connections, native vegetation, and room for natural processes. [IV]
Implementation depends on hydrological connectivity, suitable plant communities, and space for water to spread safely. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Wetland loss can increase habitat decline and leave communities with fewer natural buffers. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Wetlands can support biodiversity while contributing to flood-risk reduction. The discussion also suggests that Restoration should complement, not automatically replace, other flood-management measures.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by environmental agencies and UN programmes.)
According to paragraph 2, which of the following is NOT an implementation factor?
Chọn một đáp án
35
[I] Wetlands can store water, slow flows, and provide space for seasonal flooding. [II] As a result, damaged wetlands may lose both ecological functions and part of their buffering capacity. [III] A credible response centres on restoring water connections, native vegetation, and room for natural processes. [IV]
Implementation depends on hydrological connectivity, suitable plant communities, and space for water to spread safely. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Wetland loss can increase habitat decline and leave communities with fewer natural buffers. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Wetlands can support biodiversity while contributing to flood-risk reduction. The discussion also suggests that Restoration should complement, not automatically replace, other flood-management measures.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by environmental agencies and UN programmes.)
Which of the following best summarises paragraph 3?
Chọn một đáp án
36
[I] Wetlands can store water, slow flows, and provide space for seasonal flooding. [II] As a result, damaged wetlands may lose both ecological functions and part of their buffering capacity. [III] A credible response centres on restoring water connections, native vegetation, and room for natural processes. [IV]
Implementation depends on hydrological connectivity, suitable plant communities, and space for water to spread safely. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Wetland loss can increase habitat decline and leave communities with fewer natural buffers. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Wetlands can support biodiversity while contributing to flood-risk reduction. The discussion also suggests that Restoration should complement, not automatically replace, other flood-management measures.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by environmental agencies and UN programmes.)
The word ‘continuous’ in paragraph 2 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ______.
Chọn một đáp án
37
[I] Wetlands can store water, slow flows, and provide space for seasonal flooding. [II] As a result, damaged wetlands may lose both ecological functions and part of their buffering capacity. [III] A credible response centres on restoring water connections, native vegetation, and room for natural processes. [IV]
Implementation depends on hydrological connectivity, suitable plant communities, and space for water to spread safely. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Wetland loss can increase habitat decline and leave communities with fewer natural buffers. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Wetlands can support biodiversity while contributing to flood-risk reduction. The discussion also suggests that Restoration should complement, not automatically replace, other flood-management measures.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by environmental agencies and UN programmes.)
Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
Chọn một đáp án
38
[I] Wetlands can store water, slow flows, and provide space for seasonal flooding. [II] As a result, damaged wetlands may lose both ecological functions and part of their buffering capacity. [III] A credible response centres on restoring water connections, native vegetation, and room for natural processes. [IV]
Implementation depends on hydrological connectivity, suitable plant communities, and space for water to spread safely. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Wetland loss can increase habitat decline and leave communities with fewer natural buffers. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Wetlands can support biodiversity while contributing to flood-risk reduction. The discussion also suggests that Restoration should complement, not automatically replace, other flood-management measures.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by environmental agencies and UN programmes.)
Which of the following best paraphrases the main idea of paragraph 4?
Chọn một đáp án
39
[I] Wetlands can store water, slow flows, and provide space for seasonal flooding. [II] As a result, damaged wetlands may lose both ecological functions and part of their buffering capacity. [III] A credible response centres on restoring water connections, native vegetation, and room for natural processes. [IV]
Implementation depends on hydrological connectivity, suitable plant communities, and space for water to spread safely. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Wetland loss can increase habitat decline and leave communities with fewer natural buffers. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Wetlands can support biodiversity while contributing to flood-risk reduction. The discussion also suggests that Restoration should complement, not automatically replace, other flood-management measures.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by environmental agencies and UN programmes.)
Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
Chọn một đáp án
40
[I] Wetlands can store water, slow flows, and provide space for seasonal flooding. [II] As a result, damaged wetlands may lose both ecological functions and part of their buffering capacity. [III] A credible response centres on restoring water connections, native vegetation, and room for natural processes. [IV]
Implementation depends on hydrological connectivity, suitable plant communities, and space for water to spread safely. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Wetland loss can increase habitat decline and leave communities with fewer natural buffers. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Wetlands can support biodiversity while contributing to flood-risk reduction. The discussion also suggests that Restoration should complement, not automatically replace, other flood-management measures.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by environmental agencies and UN programmes.)
Which of the following best summarises the passage?
Chọn một đáp án
Thông tin đề
Cách sử dụng Đề luyện thi tốt nghiệp THPT môn Tiếng Anh nâng cao số 18
Trước khi làm: chuẩn bị giấy nháp, giữ đúng thời lượng 50 phút và hạn chế mở tài liệu để kết quả phản ánh đúng mức hiện tại.
Trong khi làm: câu trả lời được lưu tự động trên trình duyệt. Bạn có thể chuyển giữa chế độ từng câu và khổ A4 mà không mất lựa chọn đã nhập.
Sau khi nộp: xem điểm, đáp án đúng và phần giải thích. Hãy ghi lại nhóm lỗi sai để quyết định chuyên đề cần ôn lại trước đề tiếp theo.
Tự học sau khi làm đề
Đáp án và giải thích từng câu
Phần này giúp bạn rà soát lại kiến thức sau khi đã thử làm đề. Mỗi mục giữ nguyên nội dung câu hỏi, đáp án đúng và lời giải có trong dữ liệu gốc.
1Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 1
Many students assume that planning temperature-controlled deliveries is simply placing medicine in a refrigerator. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. A humanitarian logistics academy has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘Cold Chain Challenge’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (1).
A.intellectual demand
B.demanded intellectually
C.intellectually demand
D.operationally demanding
Đáp án: D
Giải thích:Sau ‘genuinely’ cần một tính từ hoặc cụm tính từ hoàn chỉnh; ‘operationally demanding’ phù hợp cả ngữ pháp lẫn nghĩa.
2Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 2
Many students assume that planning temperature-controlled deliveries is simply placing medicine in a refrigerator. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. A humanitarian logistics academy has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘Cold Chain Challenge’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (2).
A.solar-supported vaccine logistics programme
B.solar-supported vaccine programme logistics
C.solar-supported logistics vaccine programme
D.solar-supported logistics programme vaccine
Đáp án: A
Giải thích:Trật tự đúng của cụm danh từ là ‘solar-supported vaccine logistics programme’, trong đó các từ bổ nghĩa đứng trước danh từ chính ‘programme’.
3Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 3
Many students assume that planning temperature-controlled deliveries is simply placing medicine in a refrigerator. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. A humanitarian logistics academy has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘Cold Chain Challenge’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (3).
A.to cover
B.covers
C.covering
D.covered
Đáp án: B
Giải thích:Chủ ngữ của mệnh đề quan hệ là danh từ số ít ‘a briefing’, nên cần động từ hiện tại đơn ngôi thứ ba số ít ‘covers’.
4Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 4
Many students assume that planning temperature-controlled deliveries is simply placing medicine in a refrigerator. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. A humanitarian logistics academy has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘Cold Chain Challenge’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (4).
A.with
B.at
C.to
D.for
Đáp án: C
Giải thích:Cụm ‘be tailored to’ yêu cầu giới từ ‘to’.
5Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 5
Many students assume that planning temperature-controlled deliveries is simply placing medicine in a refrigerator. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. A humanitarian logistics academy has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘Cold Chain Challenge’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (5).
A.do contingency planning
B.make contingency planning
C.take contingency planning
D.master contingency planning
Đáp án: D
Giải thích:‘master contingency planning’ là kết hợp từ tự nhiên và phù hợp nhất với mục tiêu phát triển năng lực trong câu.
6Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 6
Many students assume that planning temperature-controlled deliveries is simply placing medicine in a refrigerator. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. A humanitarian logistics academy has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘Cold Chain Challenge’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (6).
A.maintaining accurate records
B.to maintaining accurate records
C.the maintaining accurate records
D.having maintaining accurate records
Đáp án: A
Giải thích:Sau ‘be accustomed to’, ‘to’ là giới từ nên phải dùng danh động từ hoặc cụm danh động từ: ‘maintaining accurate records’.
7Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 7
Let Wetlands Work Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ hydrological and ecological constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (7).
A.the others
B.other
C.others
D.another
Đáp án: B
Giải thích:‘Other’ đứng trước cụm danh từ số nhiều ‘constraints’; các lựa chọn còn lại không phù hợp cấu trúc.
8Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 8
Let Wetlands Work Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ hydrological and ecological constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (8).
A.bring about
B.come across
C.brush aside
D.carry out
Đáp án: C
Giải thích:‘Brush aside evidence’ nghĩa là gạt bỏ hoặc xem nhẹ bằng chứng; các cụm còn lại không phù hợp ngữ nghĩa.
9Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 9
Let Wetlands Work Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ hydrological and ecological constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (9).
A.consequent
B.consequently
C.consequence
D.consequences
Đáp án: D
Giải thích:Sau ‘serious long-term’ cần danh từ đếm được số nhiều; ‘consequences’ phù hợp cả ngữ pháp lẫn nghĩa.
10Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 10
Let Wetlands Work Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ hydrological and ecological constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (10).
A.Instead of
B.Owing to
C.In case of
D.Apart from
Đáp án: A
Giải thích:‘Instead of’ tạo quan hệ thay thế/đối chiếu: không dựa vào một quan sát mà nên so sánh nhiều nguồn.
11Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 11
Let Wetlands Work Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ hydrological and ecological constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (11).
A.level
B.likelihood
C.amount
D.quality
Đáp án: B
Giải thích:Cụm ‘the likelihood of doing something’ diễn đạt xác suất hoặc khả năng xảy ra một kết quả.
12Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 12
Let Wetlands Work Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ hydrological and ecological constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (12).
A.factors
B.amounts
C.records
D.substances
Đáp án: C
Giải thích:‘Records’ phù hợp với động từ ‘organise’ và ý lưu lại dữ liệu để quyết định sau này có thể được kiểm tra.
13Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 13
Choose the best arrangement of the following utterances to make a meaningful exchange. a. Mai: That sounds worthwhile. What will you focus on there? b. Khoa: I have registered for a workshop on vaccine cold-chain monitoring at the provincial health warehouse. c. Khoa: We will learn how to detect temperature excursions before products are used.
A.b – c – a
B.b – a – c
C.c – a – b
D.a – b – c
Đáp án: B
Giải thích:Câu b mở đầu bằng thông tin đăng ký; câu a hỏi trọng tâm; câu c trả lời trực tiếp.
14Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 14
Choose the best arrangement of the following utterances to make a meaningful exchange. a. Linh: Why did you choose that particular session? b. Tuan: I am considering the advanced session on vaccine cold-chain monitoring. c. Tuan: Because it teaches participants to detect temperature excursions before products are used. d. Linh: I see. Does it mention any difficulties? e. Tuan: Yes. It warns that power interruptions and transport delays can occur together.
A.a – b – c – e – d
B.b – c – a – d – e
C.b – a – c – d – e
D.d – b – a – e – c
Đáp án: C
Giải thích:Câu b nêu lựa chọn, a hỏi lý do, c giải thích, d hỏi thêm và e trả lời về khó khăn.
15Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 15
Choose the best arrangement of the following sentences to make a meaningful email. Hi Alex, a. Please let me know by Thursday whether you can join us. b. Last week, our class completed a preliminary activity on vaccine cold-chain monitoring. c. I am writing to invite you to the follow-up session at the provincial health warehouse. d. The discussion was demanding because power interruptions and transport delays can occur together. e. The next session will show us how to detect temperature excursions before products are used.
A.d – b – c – e – a
B.b – c – d – a – e
C.c – b – d – e – a
D.c – e – b – a – d
Đáp án: C
Giải thích:Câu c nêu mục đích thư; b và d nhắc hoạt động trước; e giới thiệu buổi tiếp theo; a yêu cầu hồi âm.
16Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 16
Choose the best arrangement of the following sentences to make a meaningful paragraph. a. For example, learners can examine a realistic case involving vaccine cold-chain monitoring before proposing a response. b. Case-based learning can make lessons on vaccine cold-chain monitoring more intellectually demanding. c. It requires students to connect evidence, assumptions, and possible consequences. d. However, the teacher must provide sufficient background and clearly defined criteria. e. With that support, students can practise reasoning rather than merely recall isolated facts.
A.b – c – a – d – e
B.a – b – d – c – e
C.b – a – c – d – e
D.d – b – c – a – e
Đáp án: A
Giải thích:Câu b là câu chủ đề; c giải thích yêu cầu tư duy; a đưa ví dụ; d nêu điều kiện; e kết luận.
17Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 17
Choose the best arrangement of the following sentences to make a meaningful paragraph. a. Nevertheless, power interruptions and transport delays can occur together. b. Interest in vaccine cold-chain monitoring has increased as its consequences have become more visible. c. This interest has encouraged schools and community organisations to offer specialised activities. d. In response, organisers are adding preliminary guidance and supervised practice. e. As a result, participants can tackle difficult material without being expected to master it immediately.
A.a – d – b – c – e
B.b – c – a – d – e
C.b – a – c – e – d
D.c – b – a – d – e
Đáp án: B
Giải thích:Câu b nêu xu hướng; c chỉ hệ quả; a chuyển sang khó khăn; d nêu phản ứng; e kết quả.
18Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 18
A solar-powered cold-chain monitor, once confined largely to specialist settings, is beginning to enter public service. A pilot system (18) ______. Since that demonstration, it has been evaluated in several real-world environments. The project is coordinated by a public health supply laboratory, (19) ______. (20) ______. Its designers therefore invited users and frontline staff to test early versions. (21) ______. What distinguishes the system, however, is its ability to record storage temperatures and send alerts during power failures. Equipped with specialised sensors and decision rules, (22) ______. The developers emphasise that it cannot compensate for poor packing, delayed transport, or untrained staff.
Choose the option that best fits blank (18).
A.was first presented during a controlled public trial in 2024
B.which first presenting during a controlled public trial in 2024
C.having first present during a controlled public trial in 2024
D.that its first presentation was during a controlled public trial in 2024
Đáp án: A
Giải thích:Sau chủ ngữ cần một vị ngữ hoàn chỉnh ở thể bị động: ‘was first presented ...’.
19Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 19
A solar-powered cold-chain monitor, once confined largely to specialist settings, is beginning to enter public service. A pilot system (18) ______. Since that demonstration, it has been evaluated in several real-world environments. The project is coordinated by a public health supply laboratory, (19) ______. (20) ______. Its designers therefore invited users and frontline staff to test early versions. (21) ______. What distinguishes the system, however, is its ability to record storage temperatures and send alerts during power failures. Equipped with specialised sensors and decision rules, (22) ______. The developers emphasise that it cannot compensate for poor packing, delayed transport, or untrained staff.
Choose the option that best fits blank (19).
A.succeeded to combine by technical research and affected users
B.whose team combines technical research with consultation from affected users
C.which its team combines technical research with consultation from affected users
D.of which team combining technical research and consultation from affected users
Đáp án: B
Giải thích:‘Whose team ...’ là mệnh đề quan hệ sở hữu đúng, bổ nghĩa cho tổ chức đứng trước.
20Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 20
A solar-powered cold-chain monitor, once confined largely to specialist settings, is beginning to enter public service. A pilot system (18) ______. Since that demonstration, it has been evaluated in several real-world environments. The project is coordinated by a public health supply laboratory, (19) ______. (20) ______. Its designers therefore invited users and frontline staff to test early versions. (21) ______. What distinguishes the system, however, is its ability to record storage temperatures and send alerts during power failures. Equipped with specialised sensors and decision rules, (22) ______. The developers emphasise that it cannot compensate for poor packing, delayed transport, or untrained staff.
Choose the option that best fits blank (20).
A.Technical accuracy alone, which does not a guarantee of public trust and usability
B.Having guaranteed public trust, technical accuracy alone is not
C.Technical accuracy alone does not guarantee that a public system will be trusted or usable
D.Although technical accuracy alone guaranteeing a public system to trust and use
Đáp án: C
Giải thích:Cần một câu hoàn chỉnh, logic với phần sau nói về việc mời người dùng tham gia thử nghiệm.
21Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 21
A solar-powered cold-chain monitor, once confined largely to specialist settings, is beginning to enter public service. A pilot system (18) ______. Since that demonstration, it has been evaluated in several real-world environments. The project is coordinated by a public health supply laboratory, (19) ______. (20) ______. Its designers therefore invited users and frontline staff to test early versions. (21) ______. What distinguishes the system, however, is its ability to record storage temperatures and send alerts during power failures. Equipped with specialised sensors and decision rules, (22) ______. The developers emphasise that it cannot compensate for poor packing, delayed transport, or untrained staff.
Choose the option that best fits blank (21).
A.Having changed language, controls, and warning thresholds by their feedback
B.Language, controls, and warning thresholds led their feedback to change
C.Their feedback, which the changes in language, controls, and warning thresholds
D.Their feedback led to changes in language, controls, and warning thresholds
Đáp án: D
Giải thích:Câu đúng có chủ ngữ ‘Their feedback’ và động từ ‘led to’, diễn đạt quan hệ nguyên nhân–kết quả rõ ràng.
22Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 22
A solar-powered cold-chain monitor, once confined largely to specialist settings, is beginning to enter public service. A pilot system (18) ______. Since that demonstration, it has been evaluated in several real-world environments. The project is coordinated by a public health supply laboratory, (19) ______. (20) ______. Its designers therefore invited users and frontline staff to test early versions. (21) ______. What distinguishes the system, however, is its ability to record storage temperatures and send alerts during power failures. Equipped with specialised sensors and decision rules, (22) ______. The developers emphasise that it cannot compensate for poor packing, delayed transport, or untrained staff.
Choose the option that best fits blank (22).
A.the system can record storage temperatures and send alerts during power failures
B.record storage temperatures and send alerts during power failures can be the system
C.the system, which record storage temperatures and send alerts during power failures
D.there can the system record storage temperatures and send alerts during power failures
Đáp án: A
Giải thích:Cụm phân từ đầu câu ‘Equipped with ...’ phải bổ nghĩa cho chủ ngữ ‘the system’; phương án A tạo câu hoàn chỉnh và không bị lỗi chủ ngữ treo.
23Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 23
Vaccine cold chains has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine reliable refrigeration, temperature monitoring, and trained handling throughout transport. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Health workers and supply teams must protect vaccine quality from the warehouse to the point of use. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because some vaccines can be damaged by unsuitable temperatures, unnoticed excursions may reduce quality.
A persistent obstacle is that power failures, damaged equipment, and incomplete records can interrupt temperature control. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Reliable energy and careful handling are both necessary for an effective cold chain.
Modern practice increasingly uses solar-powered equipment, remote monitoring, and planned maintenance. In particular, remote sensors and solar direct-drive refrigerators can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Technology can strengthen the cold chain, but disciplined procedures and trained staff remain essential.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UNICEF.)
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a component of an effective response?
A.trained handling throughout transport
B.reliable refrigeration
C.storing every vaccine at any convenient temperature
D.temperature monitoring
Đáp án: C
Giải thích:Đoạn 1 nêu reliable refrigeration, temperature monitoring và trained handling throughout transport; không nêu ‘storing every vaccine at any convenient temperature’.
24Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 24
Vaccine cold chains has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine reliable refrigeration, temperature monitoring, and trained handling throughout transport. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Health workers and supply teams must protect vaccine quality from the warehouse to the point of use. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because some vaccines can be damaged by unsuitable temperatures, unnoticed excursions may reduce quality.
A persistent obstacle is that power failures, damaged equipment, and incomplete records can interrupt temperature control. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Reliable energy and careful handling are both necessary for an effective cold chain.
Modern practice increasingly uses solar-powered equipment, remote monitoring, and planned maintenance. In particular, remote sensors and solar direct-drive refrigerators can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Technology can strengthen the cold chain, but disciplined procedures and trained staff remain essential.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UNICEF.)
The word ‘temporary’ in paragraph 1 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ______.
A.uncertain
B.partial
C.lasting
D.limited
Đáp án: C
Giải thích:‘Temporary’ nghĩa là tạm thời; từ trái nghĩa phù hợp là ‘lasting’ (bền lâu).
25Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 25
Vaccine cold chains has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine reliable refrigeration, temperature monitoring, and trained handling throughout transport. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Health workers and supply teams must protect vaccine quality from the warehouse to the point of use. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because some vaccines can be damaged by unsuitable temperatures, unnoticed excursions may reduce quality.
A persistent obstacle is that power failures, damaged equipment, and incomplete records can interrupt temperature control. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Reliable energy and careful handling are both necessary for an effective cold chain.
Modern practice increasingly uses solar-powered equipment, remote monitoring, and planned maintenance. In particular, remote sensors and solar direct-drive refrigerators can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Technology can strengthen the cold chain, but disciplined procedures and trained staff remain essential.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UNICEF.)
The word ‘Their’ in paragraph 2 refers to ______.
A.the consequences
B.individual incidents
C.modern practices
D.health workers and supply teams
Đáp án: D
Giải thích:‘Their’ chỉ chủ thể vừa được nhắc đến là ‘health workers and supply teams’.
26Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 26
Vaccine cold chains has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine reliable refrigeration, temperature monitoring, and trained handling throughout transport. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Health workers and supply teams must protect vaccine quality from the warehouse to the point of use. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because some vaccines can be damaged by unsuitable temperatures, unnoticed excursions may reduce quality.
A persistent obstacle is that power failures, damaged equipment, and incomplete records can interrupt temperature control. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Reliable energy and careful handling are both necessary for an effective cold chain.
Modern practice increasingly uses solar-powered equipment, remote monitoring, and planned maintenance. In particular, remote sensors and solar direct-drive refrigerators can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Technology can strengthen the cold chain, but disciplined procedures and trained staff remain essential.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UNICEF.)
The word ‘persistent’ in paragraph 3 could best be replaced by ______.
A.continuing
B.minor
C.accidental
D.invisible
Đáp án: A
Giải thích:Trong ngữ cảnh, ‘persistent’ nghĩa là kéo dài hoặc tiếp diễn, gần nhất với ‘continuing’.
27Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 27
Vaccine cold chains has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine reliable refrigeration, temperature monitoring, and trained handling throughout transport. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Health workers and supply teams must protect vaccine quality from the warehouse to the point of use. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because some vaccines can be damaged by unsuitable temperatures, unnoticed excursions may reduce quality.
A persistent obstacle is that power failures, damaged equipment, and incomplete records can interrupt temperature control. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Reliable energy and careful handling are both necessary for an effective cold chain.
Modern practice increasingly uses solar-powered equipment, remote monitoring, and planned maintenance. In particular, remote sensors and solar direct-drive refrigerators can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Technology can strengthen the cold chain, but disciplined procedures and trained staff remain essential.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UNICEF.)
Which of the following best paraphrases the final sentence?
A.Local knowledge should be ignored because it slows technical action.
B.Technology can strengthen the cold chain, but disciplined procedures and trained staff remain essential.
C.Technology automatically solves the problem once enough data are collected.
D.Human decisions are unnecessary when digital systems can detect patterns.
Đáp án: B
Giải thích:Phương án A giữ nguyên ý: công nghệ hỗ trợ nhưng không thay thế chính sách, chuyên môn và hành vi có trách nhiệm.
28Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 28
Vaccine cold chains has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine reliable refrigeration, temperature monitoring, and trained handling throughout transport. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Health workers and supply teams must protect vaccine quality from the warehouse to the point of use. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because some vaccines can be damaged by unsuitable temperatures, unnoticed excursions may reduce quality.
A persistent obstacle is that power failures, damaged equipment, and incomplete records can interrupt temperature control. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Reliable energy and careful handling are both necessary for an effective cold chain.
Modern practice increasingly uses solar-powered equipment, remote monitoring, and planned maintenance. In particular, remote sensors and solar direct-drive refrigerators can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Technology can strengthen the cold chain, but disciplined procedures and trained staff remain essential.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UNICEF.)
Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A.A single isolated measure is always sufficient.
B.Uncertainty makes all preventive action pointless.
C.Reliable energy and careful handling are both necessary for an effective cold chain.
D.Storing every vaccine at any convenient temperature.
Đáp án: C
Giải thích:Phương án A được nêu trực tiếp trong đoạn 3; các lựa chọn còn lại trái với nội dung bài.
29Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 29
Vaccine cold chains has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine reliable refrigeration, temperature monitoring, and trained handling throughout transport. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Health workers and supply teams must protect vaccine quality from the warehouse to the point of use. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because some vaccines can be damaged by unsuitable temperatures, unnoticed excursions may reduce quality.
A persistent obstacle is that power failures, damaged equipment, and incomplete records can interrupt temperature control. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Reliable energy and careful handling are both necessary for an effective cold chain.
Modern practice increasingly uses solar-powered equipment, remote monitoring, and planned maintenance. In particular, remote sensors and solar direct-drive refrigerators can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Technology can strengthen the cold chain, but disciplined procedures and trained staff remain essential.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UNICEF.)
In which paragraph does the writer explain a causal relationship affecting the choices of key actors?
A.Paragraph 2
B.Paragraph 3
C.Paragraph 4
D.Paragraph 1
Đáp án: A
Giải thích:Đoạn 2 trình bày nguyên nhân–hệ quả và cách điều đó chi phối lựa chọn của các chủ thể.
30Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 30
Vaccine cold chains has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine reliable refrigeration, temperature monitoring, and trained handling throughout transport. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Health workers and supply teams must protect vaccine quality from the warehouse to the point of use. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because some vaccines can be damaged by unsuitable temperatures, unnoticed excursions may reduce quality.
A persistent obstacle is that power failures, damaged equipment, and incomplete records can interrupt temperature control. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Reliable energy and careful handling are both necessary for an effective cold chain.
Modern practice increasingly uses solar-powered equipment, remote monitoring, and planned maintenance. In particular, remote sensors and solar direct-drive refrigerators can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Technology can strengthen the cold chain, but disciplined procedures and trained staff remain essential.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UNICEF.)
In which paragraph does the writer discuss modern tools for detecting patterns and supporting earlier action?
A.Paragraph 1
B.Paragraph 2
C.Paragraph 3
D.Paragraph 4
Đáp án: D
Giải thích:Đoạn 4 đề cập các phương pháp hiện đại, công cụ số hoặc mạng lưới dữ liệu.
31Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 31
[I] Wetlands can store water, slow flows, and provide space for seasonal flooding. [II] As a result, damaged wetlands may lose both ecological functions and part of their buffering capacity. [III] A credible response centres on restoring water connections, native vegetation, and room for natural processes. [IV]
Implementation depends on hydrological connectivity, suitable plant communities, and space for water to spread safely. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Wetland loss can increase habitat decline and leave communities with fewer natural buffers. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Wetlands can support biodiversity while contributing to flood-risk reduction. The discussion also suggests that Restoration should complement, not automatically replace, other flood-management measures.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by environmental agencies and UN programmes.)
Where in paragraph 1 does the following sentence best fit? ‘Yet the benefits depend on careful design rather than on the label attached to a project.’
A.[IV]
B.[I]
C.[II]
D.[III]
Đáp án: A
Giải thích:Câu chèn nêu điều kiện/giới hạn sau khi ba câu trước đã giới thiệu nguyên nhân, hệ quả và hướng ứng phó; vị trí [IV] liên kết tự nhiên nhất.
32Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 32
[I] Wetlands can store water, slow flows, and provide space for seasonal flooding. [II] As a result, damaged wetlands may lose both ecological functions and part of their buffering capacity. [III] A credible response centres on restoring water connections, native vegetation, and room for natural processes. [IV]
Implementation depends on hydrological connectivity, suitable plant communities, and space for water to spread safely. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Wetland loss can increase habitat decline and leave communities with fewer natural buffers. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Wetlands can support biodiversity while contributing to flood-risk reduction. The discussion also suggests that Restoration should complement, not automatically replace, other flood-management measures.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by environmental agencies and UN programmes.)
The phrase ‘far-reaching’ in paragraph 3 could best be replaced by ______.
A.narrowly technical
B.completely invisible
C.wide-ranging
D.easy to reverse
Đáp án: C
Giải thích:‘Far-reaching’ nghĩa là có ảnh hưởng rộng, gần nhất với ‘wide-ranging’.
33Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 33
[I] Wetlands can store water, slow flows, and provide space for seasonal flooding. [II] As a result, damaged wetlands may lose both ecological functions and part of their buffering capacity. [III] A credible response centres on restoring water connections, native vegetation, and room for natural processes. [IV]
Implementation depends on hydrological connectivity, suitable plant communities, and space for water to spread safely. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Wetland loss can increase habitat decline and leave communities with fewer natural buffers. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Wetlands can support biodiversity while contributing to flood-risk reduction. The discussion also suggests that Restoration should complement, not automatically replace, other flood-management measures.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by environmental agencies and UN programmes.)
The expression ‘These factors’ in paragraph 2 refers to ______.
A.confining all water to narrow concrete channels
B.the label attached to a project
C.long-term resilience
D.hydrological connectivity, suitable plant communities and space for water to spread safely
Đáp án: D
Giải thích:‘These factors’ quy chiếu về ba yếu tố triển khai được liệt kê ngay trong câu trước.
34Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 34
[I] Wetlands can store water, slow flows, and provide space for seasonal flooding. [II] As a result, damaged wetlands may lose both ecological functions and part of their buffering capacity. [III] A credible response centres on restoring water connections, native vegetation, and room for natural processes. [IV]
Implementation depends on hydrological connectivity, suitable plant communities, and space for water to spread safely. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Wetland loss can increase habitat decline and leave communities with fewer natural buffers. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Wetlands can support biodiversity while contributing to flood-risk reduction. The discussion also suggests that Restoration should complement, not automatically replace, other flood-management measures.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by environmental agencies and UN programmes.)
According to paragraph 2, which of the following is NOT an implementation factor?
A.hydrological connectivity
B.confining all water to narrow concrete channels
C.suitable plant communities
D.space for water to spread safely
Đáp án: B
Giải thích:Đoạn 2 nêu ba yếu tố triển khai; ‘confining all water to narrow concrete channels’ không phải yếu tố được khuyến nghị.
35Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 35
[I] Wetlands can store water, slow flows, and provide space for seasonal flooding. [II] As a result, damaged wetlands may lose both ecological functions and part of their buffering capacity. [III] A credible response centres on restoring water connections, native vegetation, and room for natural processes. [IV]
Implementation depends on hydrological connectivity, suitable plant communities, and space for water to spread safely. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Wetland loss can increase habitat decline and leave communities with fewer natural buffers. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Wetlands can support biodiversity while contributing to flood-risk reduction. The discussion also suggests that Restoration should complement, not automatically replace, other flood-management measures.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by environmental agencies and UN programmes.)
Which of the following best summarises paragraph 3?
A.All impacts disappear as soon as a pilot project begins.
B.The decline of wetlands can create ecological and risk-management costs.
C.The issue has no consequences beyond equipment performance.
D.Fairness is unrelated to technical and environmental decisions.
Đáp án: B
Giải thích:Phương án A khái quát đúng các tác động rộng được trình bày ở đoạn 3.
36Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 36
[I] Wetlands can store water, slow flows, and provide space for seasonal flooding. [II] As a result, damaged wetlands may lose both ecological functions and part of their buffering capacity. [III] A credible response centres on restoring water connections, native vegetation, and room for natural processes. [IV]
Implementation depends on hydrological connectivity, suitable plant communities, and space for water to spread safely. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Wetland loss can increase habitat decline and leave communities with fewer natural buffers. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Wetlands can support biodiversity while contributing to flood-risk reduction. The discussion also suggests that Restoration should complement, not automatically replace, other flood-management measures.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by environmental agencies and UN programmes.)
The word ‘continuous’ in paragraph 2 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ______.
A.measurable
B.local
C.intermittent
D.expensive
Đáp án: C
Giải thích:‘Continuous’ nghĩa là liên tục; từ trái nghĩa phù hợp là ‘intermittent’ (gián đoạn, không liên tục).
37Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 37
[I] Wetlands can store water, slow flows, and provide space for seasonal flooding. [II] As a result, damaged wetlands may lose both ecological functions and part of their buffering capacity. [III] A credible response centres on restoring water connections, native vegetation, and room for natural processes. [IV]
Implementation depends on hydrological connectivity, suitable plant communities, and space for water to spread safely. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Wetland loss can increase habitat decline and leave communities with fewer natural buffers. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Wetlands can support biodiversity while contributing to flood-risk reduction. The discussion also suggests that Restoration should complement, not automatically replace, other flood-management measures.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by environmental agencies and UN programmes.)
Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A.Confining all water to narrow concrete channels.
B.Maintenance is unnecessary after installation.
C.A project label guarantees successful results.
D.Wetlands can support biodiversity while contributing to flood-risk reduction.
Đáp án: D
Giải thích:Phương án A được nêu trực tiếp trong đoạn 4; các phương án khác trái với lập luận của bài.
38Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 38
[I] Wetlands can store water, slow flows, and provide space for seasonal flooding. [II] As a result, damaged wetlands may lose both ecological functions and part of their buffering capacity. [III] A credible response centres on restoring water connections, native vegetation, and room for natural processes. [IV]
Implementation depends on hydrological connectivity, suitable plant communities, and space for water to spread safely. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Wetland loss can increase habitat decline and leave communities with fewer natural buffers. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Wetlands can support biodiversity while contributing to flood-risk reduction. The discussion also suggests that Restoration should complement, not automatically replace, other flood-management measures.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by environmental agencies and UN programmes.)
Which of the following best paraphrases the main idea of paragraph 4?
A.Successful planning combines technology, operations, responsibility, and long-term system thinking.
B.The issue can be solved by purchasing one advanced device.
C.Planning should avoid community or institutional responsibility.
D.Uncertainty means that no action should be taken.
Đáp án: A
Giải thích:Đoạn 4 nhấn mạnh cách tiếp cận hệ thống, trách nhiệm rõ ràng và duy trì lâu dài.
39Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 39
[I] Wetlands can store water, slow flows, and provide space for seasonal flooding. [II] As a result, damaged wetlands may lose both ecological functions and part of their buffering capacity. [III] A credible response centres on restoring water connections, native vegetation, and room for natural processes. [IV]
Implementation depends on hydrological connectivity, suitable plant communities, and space for water to spread safely. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Wetland loss can increase habitat decline and leave communities with fewer natural buffers. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Wetlands can support biodiversity while contributing to flood-risk reduction. The discussion also suggests that Restoration should complement, not automatically replace, other flood-management measures.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by environmental agencies and UN programmes.)
Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A.Technical performance is the only legitimate evaluation criterion.
B.Restoration should complement, not automatically replace, other flood-management measures.
C.The recommended intervention works identically in every location.
D.Long-term maintenance reduces the need for all initial planning.
Đáp án: B
Giải thích:Phương án A là suy luận hợp lý từ các điều kiện và giới hạn được nêu; các lựa chọn khác tuyệt đối hoá hoặc mâu thuẫn với bài.
40Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 40
[I] Wetlands can store water, slow flows, and provide space for seasonal flooding. [II] As a result, damaged wetlands may lose both ecological functions and part of their buffering capacity. [III] A credible response centres on restoring water connections, native vegetation, and room for natural processes. [IV]
Implementation depends on hydrological connectivity, suitable plant communities, and space for water to spread safely. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Wetland loss can increase habitat decline and leave communities with fewer natural buffers. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Wetlands can support biodiversity while contributing to flood-risk reduction. The discussion also suggests that Restoration should complement, not automatically replace, other flood-management measures.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by environmental agencies and UN programmes.)
Which of the following best summarises the passage?
A.The passage argues that confining all water to narrow concrete channels is the only effective strategy.
B.The passage claims that installing new technology automatically guarantees equitable and permanent success.
C.Healthy wetlands provide habitat and water-management benefits, but restoration must rebuild natural hydrology and fit wider flood plans.
D.Wetlands and flood management is a purely technical matter that has no social or environmental consequences.
Đáp án: C
Giải thích:Phương án A bao quát nguyên nhân, giải pháp, điều kiện thực hiện và tác động của toàn bài.
