Đề luyện thi tốt nghiệp THPT môn Tiếng Anh nâng cao số 16
Đề luyện thi Tiếng Anh nâng cao theo cấu trúc môn Ngoại ngữ áp dụng từ năm 2025, gồm 40 câu trắc nghiệm nhiều lựa chọn trong 50 phút. Chủ đề trọng tâm: Ethical Artificial Intelligence and Ocean Protection. Ngữ liệu được viết mới và đối chiếu theo tài liệu chính thức của Bộ Giáo dục và Đào tạo, Cambridge English, British Council cùng các tổ chức quốc tế có uy tín; có đáp án và giải thích tiếng Việt.
Câu 1.
Many students assume that testing automated recommendations is simply learning how to prompt a chatbot. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. An education technology institute has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘AI with Accountability’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (1).
A. intellectually demand
B. ethically complex
C. intellectual demand
D. demanded intellectually
Câu 2.
Many students assume that testing automated recommendations is simply learning how to prompt a chatbot. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. An education technology institute has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘AI with Accountability’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (2).
A. rights-based artificial literacy intelligence programme
B. rights-based artificial literacy programme intelligence
C. rights-based artificial intelligence literacy programme
D. rights-based artificial intelligence programme literacy
Câu 3.
Many students assume that testing automated recommendations is simply learning how to prompt a chatbot. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. An education technology institute has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘AI with Accountability’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (3).
A. covering
B. covered
C. to cover
D. covers
Câu 4.
Many students assume that testing automated recommendations is simply learning how to prompt a chatbot. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. An education technology institute has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘AI with Accountability’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (4).
A. to
B. for
C. with
D. at
Câu 5.
Many students assume that testing automated recommendations is simply learning how to prompt a chatbot. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. An education technology institute has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘AI with Accountability’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (5).
A. take critical autonomy
B. strengthen critical autonomy
C. do critical autonomy
D. make critical autonomy
Câu 6.
Many students assume that testing automated recommendations is simply learning how to prompt a chatbot. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. An education technology institute has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘AI with Accountability’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (6).
A. the questioning automated outputs
B. having questioning automated outputs
C. questioning automated outputs
D. to questioning automated outputs
Câu 7.
Trace Plastic from Source to Sea
Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ social and ecological constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (7).
A. others
B. another
C. the others
D. other
Câu 8.
Trace Plastic from Source to Sea
Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ social and ecological constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (8).
A. brush aside
B. carry out
C. bring about
D. come across
Câu 9.
Trace Plastic from Source to Sea
Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ social and ecological constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (9).
A. consequence
B. consequences
C. consequent
D. consequently
Câu 10.
Trace Plastic from Source to Sea
Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ social and ecological constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (10).
A. In case of
B. Apart from
C. Instead of
D. Owing to
Câu 11.
Trace Plastic from Source to Sea
Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ social and ecological constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (11).
A. amount
B. quality
C. level
D. likelihood
Câu 12.
Trace Plastic from Source to Sea
Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ social and ecological constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (12).
A. records
B. substances
C. factors
D. amounts
Câu 13.
Choose the best arrangement of the following utterances to make a meaningful exchange.
a. Mai: That sounds worthwhile. What will you focus on there?
b. Khoa: I have registered for a workshop on responsible AI use in learning at the regional digital learning hub.
c. Khoa: We will learn how to recognise bias, uncertainty, and privacy risks.
A. c – a – b
B. a – b – c
C. b – c – a
D. b – a – c
Câu 14.
Choose the best arrangement of the following utterances to make a meaningful exchange.
a. Linh: Why did you choose that particular session?
b. Tuan: I am considering the advanced session on responsible AI use in learning.
c. Tuan: Because it teaches participants to recognise bias, uncertainty, and privacy risks.
d. Linh: I see. Does it mention any difficulties?
e. Tuan: Yes. It warns that fluent answers may still be inaccurate.
A. b – a – c – d – e
B. d – b – a – e – c
C. a – b – c – e – d
D. b – c – a – d – e
Câu 15.
Choose the best arrangement of the following sentences to make a meaningful email.
Hi Alex,
a. Please let me know by Thursday whether you can join us.
b. Last week, our class completed a preliminary activity on responsible AI use in learning.
c. I am writing to invite you to the follow-up session at the regional digital learning hub.
d. The discussion was demanding because fluent answers may still be inaccurate.
e. The next session will show us how to recognise bias, uncertainty, and privacy risks.
A. c – b – d – e – a
B. c – e – b – a – d
C. d – b – c – e – a
D. b – c – d – a – e
Câu 16.
Choose the best arrangement of the following sentences to make a meaningful paragraph.
a. For example, learners can examine a realistic case involving responsible AI use in learning before proposing a response.
b. Case-based learning can make lessons on responsible AI use in learning more intellectually demanding.
c. It requires students to connect evidence, assumptions, and possible consequences.
d. However, the teacher must provide sufficient background and clearly defined criteria.
e. With that support, students can practise reasoning rather than merely recall isolated facts.
A. b – a – c – d – e
B. d – b – c – a – e
C. b – c – a – d – e
D. a – b – d – c – e
Câu 17.
Choose the best arrangement of the following sentences to make a meaningful paragraph.
a. Nevertheless, fluent answers may still be inaccurate.
b. Interest in responsible AI use in learning has increased as its consequences have become more visible.
c. This interest has encouraged schools and community organisations to offer specialised activities.
d. In response, organisers are adding preliminary guidance and supervised practice.
e. As a result, participants can tackle difficult material without being expected to master it immediately.
A. b – a – c – e – d
B. c – b – a – d – e
C. a – d – b – c – e
D. b – c – a – d – e
Câu 18.
A classroom ai transparency dashboard, once confined largely to specialist settings, is beginning to enter public service. A pilot system (18) ______. Since that demonstration, it has been evaluated in several real-world environments. The project is coordinated by an educational ethics laboratory, (19) ______. (20) ______. Its designers therefore invited users and frontline staff to test early versions. (21) ______. What distinguishes the system, however, is its ability to show which sources and assumptions influenced a recommendation. Equipped with specialised sensors and decision rules, (22) ______. The developers emphasise that it cannot decide what is fair without human judgement and public values.
Choose the option that best fits blank (18).
A. having first present during a controlled public trial in 2024
B. that its first presentation was during a controlled public trial in 2024
C. was first presented during a controlled public trial in 2024
D. which first presenting during a controlled public trial in 2024
Câu 19.
A classroom ai transparency dashboard, once confined largely to specialist settings, is beginning to enter public service. A pilot system (18) ______. Since that demonstration, it has been evaluated in several real-world environments. The project is coordinated by an educational ethics laboratory, (19) ______. (20) ______. Its designers therefore invited users and frontline staff to test early versions. (21) ______. What distinguishes the system, however, is its ability to show which sources and assumptions influenced a recommendation. Equipped with specialised sensors and decision rules, (22) ______. The developers emphasise that it cannot decide what is fair without human judgement and public values.
Choose the option that best fits blank (19).
A. which its team combines technical research with consultation from affected users
B. of which team combining technical research and consultation from affected users
C. succeeded to combine by technical research and affected users
D. whose team combines technical research with consultation from affected users
Câu 20.
A classroom ai transparency dashboard, once confined largely to specialist settings, is beginning to enter public service. A pilot system (18) ______. Since that demonstration, it has been evaluated in several real-world environments. The project is coordinated by an educational ethics laboratory, (19) ______. (20) ______. Its designers therefore invited users and frontline staff to test early versions. (21) ______. What distinguishes the system, however, is its ability to show which sources and assumptions influenced a recommendation. Equipped with specialised sensors and decision rules, (22) ______. The developers emphasise that it cannot decide what is fair without human judgement and public values.
Choose the option that best fits blank (20).
A. Technical accuracy alone does not guarantee that a public system will be trusted or usable
B. Although technical accuracy alone guaranteeing a public system to trust and use
C. Technical accuracy alone, which does not a guarantee of public trust and usability
D. Having guaranteed public trust, technical accuracy alone is not
Câu 21.
A classroom ai transparency dashboard, once confined largely to specialist settings, is beginning to enter public service. A pilot system (18) ______. Since that demonstration, it has been evaluated in several real-world environments. The project is coordinated by an educational ethics laboratory, (19) ______. (20) ______. Its designers therefore invited users and frontline staff to test early versions. (21) ______. What distinguishes the system, however, is its ability to show which sources and assumptions influenced a recommendation. Equipped with specialised sensors and decision rules, (22) ______. The developers emphasise that it cannot decide what is fair without human judgement and public values.
Choose the option that best fits blank (21).
A. Their feedback, which the changes in language, controls, and warning thresholds
B. Their feedback led to changes in language, controls, and warning thresholds
C. Having changed language, controls, and warning thresholds by their feedback
D. Language, controls, and warning thresholds led their feedback to change
Câu 22.
A classroom ai transparency dashboard, once confined largely to specialist settings, is beginning to enter public service. A pilot system (18) ______. Since that demonstration, it has been evaluated in several real-world environments. The project is coordinated by an educational ethics laboratory, (19) ______. (20) ______. Its designers therefore invited users and frontline staff to test early versions. (21) ______. What distinguishes the system, however, is its ability to show which sources and assumptions influenced a recommendation. Equipped with specialised sensors and decision rules, (22) ______. The developers emphasise that it cannot decide what is fair without human judgement and public values.
Choose the option that best fits blank (22).
A. the system, which show which sources and assumptions influenced a recommendation
B. there can the system show which sources and assumptions influenced a recommendation
C. the system can show which sources and assumptions influenced a recommendation
D. show which sources and assumptions influenced a recommendation can be the system
Câu 23.
Ai competency for students has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine understanding how AI systems work, evaluating outputs critically, and protecting human agency and rights. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Students and teachers must decide when AI is useful, what evidence it uses, and where human review is necessary. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because automated outputs can be persuasive without being reliable, users need methods for verification.
A persistent obstacle is that systems may reproduce bias, obscure uncertainty, or encourage passive dependence. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. AI literacy includes ethical judgement as well as technical familiarity.
Modern practice increasingly uses age-appropriate AI literacy combined with ethical discussion and practical evaluation. In particular, transparent tools, source checking, and structured classroom audits can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Responsible AI education should help learners remain decision-makers rather than merely become efficient users.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UNESCO.)
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a component of an effective response?
A. accepting automated answers whenever they sound confident
B. evaluating outputs critically
C. protecting human agency and rights
D. understanding how AI systems work
Câu 24.
Ai competency for students has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine understanding how AI systems work, evaluating outputs critically, and protecting human agency and rights. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Students and teachers must decide when AI is useful, what evidence it uses, and where human review is necessary. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because automated outputs can be persuasive without being reliable, users need methods for verification.
A persistent obstacle is that systems may reproduce bias, obscure uncertainty, or encourage passive dependence. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. AI literacy includes ethical judgement as well as technical familiarity.
Modern practice increasingly uses age-appropriate AI literacy combined with ethical discussion and practical evaluation. In particular, transparent tools, source checking, and structured classroom audits can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Responsible AI education should help learners remain decision-makers rather than merely become efficient users.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UNESCO.)
The word ‘temporary’ in paragraph 1 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ______.
A. lasting
B. limited
C. uncertain
D. partial
Câu 25.
Ai competency for students has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine understanding how AI systems work, evaluating outputs critically, and protecting human agency and rights. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Students and teachers must decide when AI is useful, what evidence it uses, and where human review is necessary. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because automated outputs can be persuasive without being reliable, users need methods for verification.
A persistent obstacle is that systems may reproduce bias, obscure uncertainty, or encourage passive dependence. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. AI literacy includes ethical judgement as well as technical familiarity.
Modern practice increasingly uses age-appropriate AI literacy combined with ethical discussion and practical evaluation. In particular, transparent tools, source checking, and structured classroom audits can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Responsible AI education should help learners remain decision-makers rather than merely become efficient users.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UNESCO.)
The word ‘Their’ in paragraph 2 refers to ______.
A. modern practices
B. students and teachers
C. the consequences
D. individual incidents
Câu 26.
Ai competency for students has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine understanding how AI systems work, evaluating outputs critically, and protecting human agency and rights. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Students and teachers must decide when AI is useful, what evidence it uses, and where human review is necessary. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because automated outputs can be persuasive without being reliable, users need methods for verification.
A persistent obstacle is that systems may reproduce bias, obscure uncertainty, or encourage passive dependence. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. AI literacy includes ethical judgement as well as technical familiarity.
Modern practice increasingly uses age-appropriate AI literacy combined with ethical discussion and practical evaluation. In particular, transparent tools, source checking, and structured classroom audits can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Responsible AI education should help learners remain decision-makers rather than merely become efficient users.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UNESCO.)
The word ‘persistent’ in paragraph 3 could best be replaced by ______.
A. accidental
B. invisible
C. continuing
D. minor
Câu 27.
Ai competency for students has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine understanding how AI systems work, evaluating outputs critically, and protecting human agency and rights. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Students and teachers must decide when AI is useful, what evidence it uses, and where human review is necessary. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because automated outputs can be persuasive without being reliable, users need methods for verification.
A persistent obstacle is that systems may reproduce bias, obscure uncertainty, or encourage passive dependence. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. AI literacy includes ethical judgement as well as technical familiarity.
Modern practice increasingly uses age-appropriate AI literacy combined with ethical discussion and practical evaluation. In particular, transparent tools, source checking, and structured classroom audits can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Responsible AI education should help learners remain decision-makers rather than merely become efficient users.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UNESCO.)
Which of the following best paraphrases the final sentence?
A. Technology automatically solves the problem once enough data are collected.
B. Human decisions are unnecessary when digital systems can detect patterns.
C. Local knowledge should be ignored because it slows technical action.
D. Responsible AI education should help learners remain decision-makers rather than merely become efficient users.
Câu 28.
Ai competency for students has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine understanding how AI systems work, evaluating outputs critically, and protecting human agency and rights. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Students and teachers must decide when AI is useful, what evidence it uses, and where human review is necessary. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because automated outputs can be persuasive without being reliable, users need methods for verification.
A persistent obstacle is that systems may reproduce bias, obscure uncertainty, or encourage passive dependence. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. AI literacy includes ethical judgement as well as technical familiarity.
Modern practice increasingly uses age-appropriate AI literacy combined with ethical discussion and practical evaluation. In particular, transparent tools, source checking, and structured classroom audits can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Responsible AI education should help learners remain decision-makers rather than merely become efficient users.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UNESCO.)
Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. AI literacy includes ethical judgement as well as technical familiarity.
B. Accepting automated answers whenever they sound confident.
C. A single isolated measure is always sufficient.
D. Uncertainty makes all preventive action pointless.
Câu 29.
Ai competency for students has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine understanding how AI systems work, evaluating outputs critically, and protecting human agency and rights. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Students and teachers must decide when AI is useful, what evidence it uses, and where human review is necessary. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because automated outputs can be persuasive without being reliable, users need methods for verification.
A persistent obstacle is that systems may reproduce bias, obscure uncertainty, or encourage passive dependence. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. AI literacy includes ethical judgement as well as technical familiarity.
Modern practice increasingly uses age-appropriate AI literacy combined with ethical discussion and practical evaluation. In particular, transparent tools, source checking, and structured classroom audits can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Responsible AI education should help learners remain decision-makers rather than merely become efficient users.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UNESCO.)
In which paragraph does the writer explain a causal relationship affecting the choices of key actors?
A. Paragraph 4
B. Paragraph 1
C. Paragraph 2
D. Paragraph 3
Câu 30.
Ai competency for students has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine understanding how AI systems work, evaluating outputs critically, and protecting human agency and rights. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Students and teachers must decide when AI is useful, what evidence it uses, and where human review is necessary. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. Because automated outputs can be persuasive without being reliable, users need methods for verification.
A persistent obstacle is that systems may reproduce bias, obscure uncertainty, or encourage passive dependence. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. AI literacy includes ethical judgement as well as technical familiarity.
Modern practice increasingly uses age-appropriate AI literacy combined with ethical discussion and practical evaluation. In particular, transparent tools, source checking, and structured classroom audits can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Responsible AI education should help learners remain decision-makers rather than merely become efficient users.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by UNESCO.)
In which paragraph does the writer discuss modern tools for detecting patterns and supporting earlier action?
A. Paragraph 3
B. Paragraph 4
C. Paragraph 1
D. Paragraph 2
Câu 31.
[I] Plastic can leak from production, consumption, and waste systems on land. [II] As a result, debris travels through drains and rivers and can fragment into smaller particles. [III] A credible response centres on reducing unnecessary products, improving collection, and redesigning systems upstream. [IV]
Implementation depends on product design, waste-management coverage, and consumer and business practices. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Plastic pollution can affect wildlife, ecosystems, livelihoods, and human well-being. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Removing litter is useful but does not address every source of plastic pollution. The discussion also suggests that Upstream prevention is likely to be more effective when combined with downstream clean-up.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the United Nations Environment Programme.)
Where in paragraph 1 does the following sentence best fit?
‘Yet the benefits depend on careful design rather than on the label attached to a project.’
A. [II]
B. [III]
C. [IV]
D. [I]
Câu 32.
[I] Plastic can leak from production, consumption, and waste systems on land. [II] As a result, debris travels through drains and rivers and can fragment into smaller particles. [III] A credible response centres on reducing unnecessary products, improving collection, and redesigning systems upstream. [IV]
Implementation depends on product design, waste-management coverage, and consumer and business practices. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Plastic pollution can affect wildlife, ecosystems, livelihoods, and human well-being. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Removing litter is useful but does not address every source of plastic pollution. The discussion also suggests that Upstream prevention is likely to be more effective when combined with downstream clean-up.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the United Nations Environment Programme.)
The phrase ‘far-reaching’ in paragraph 3 could best be replaced by ______.
A. wide-ranging
B. easy to reverse
C. narrowly technical
D. completely invisible
Câu 33.
[I] Plastic can leak from production, consumption, and waste systems on land. [II] As a result, debris travels through drains and rivers and can fragment into smaller particles. [III] A credible response centres on reducing unnecessary products, improving collection, and redesigning systems upstream. [IV]
Implementation depends on product design, waste-management coverage, and consumer and business practices. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Plastic pollution can affect wildlife, ecosystems, livelihoods, and human well-being. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Removing litter is useful but does not address every source of plastic pollution. The discussion also suggests that Upstream prevention is likely to be more effective when combined with downstream clean-up.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the United Nations Environment Programme.)
The expression ‘These factors’ in paragraph 2 refers to ______.
A. long-term resilience
B. product design, waste-management coverage and consumer and business practices
C. assuming beach clean-ups prevent all future leakage
D. the label attached to a project
Câu 34.
[I] Plastic can leak from production, consumption, and waste systems on land. [II] As a result, debris travels through drains and rivers and can fragment into smaller particles. [III] A credible response centres on reducing unnecessary products, improving collection, and redesigning systems upstream. [IV]
Implementation depends on product design, waste-management coverage, and consumer and business practices. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Plastic pollution can affect wildlife, ecosystems, livelihoods, and human well-being. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Removing litter is useful but does not address every source of plastic pollution. The discussion also suggests that Upstream prevention is likely to be more effective when combined with downstream clean-up.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the United Nations Environment Programme.)
According to paragraph 2, which of the following is NOT an implementation factor?
A. waste-management coverage
B. consumer and business practices
C. product design
D. assuming beach clean-ups prevent all future leakage
Câu 35.
[I] Plastic can leak from production, consumption, and waste systems on land. [II] As a result, debris travels through drains and rivers and can fragment into smaller particles. [III] A credible response centres on reducing unnecessary products, improving collection, and redesigning systems upstream. [IV]
Implementation depends on product design, waste-management coverage, and consumer and business practices. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Plastic pollution can affect wildlife, ecosystems, livelihoods, and human well-being. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Removing litter is useful but does not address every source of plastic pollution. The discussion also suggests that Upstream prevention is likely to be more effective when combined with downstream clean-up.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the United Nations Environment Programme.)
Which of the following best summarises paragraph 3?
A. The issue has no consequences beyond equipment performance.
B. Fairness is unrelated to technical and environmental decisions.
C. All impacts disappear as soon as a pilot project begins.
D. Plastic pollution has environmental and social effects that extend beyond visible litter.
Câu 36.
[I] Plastic can leak from production, consumption, and waste systems on land. [II] As a result, debris travels through drains and rivers and can fragment into smaller particles. [III] A credible response centres on reducing unnecessary products, improving collection, and redesigning systems upstream. [IV]
Implementation depends on product design, waste-management coverage, and consumer and business practices. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Plastic pollution can affect wildlife, ecosystems, livelihoods, and human well-being. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Removing litter is useful but does not address every source of plastic pollution. The discussion also suggests that Upstream prevention is likely to be more effective when combined with downstream clean-up.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the United Nations Environment Programme.)
The word ‘continuous’ in paragraph 2 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ______.
A. intermittent
B. expensive
C. measurable
D. local
Câu 37.
[I] Plastic can leak from production, consumption, and waste systems on land. [II] As a result, debris travels through drains and rivers and can fragment into smaller particles. [III] A credible response centres on reducing unnecessary products, improving collection, and redesigning systems upstream. [IV]
Implementation depends on product design, waste-management coverage, and consumer and business practices. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Plastic pollution can affect wildlife, ecosystems, livelihoods, and human well-being. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Removing litter is useful but does not address every source of plastic pollution. The discussion also suggests that Upstream prevention is likely to be more effective when combined with downstream clean-up.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the United Nations Environment Programme.)
Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. A project label guarantees successful results.
B. Removing litter is useful but does not address every source of plastic pollution.
C. Assuming beach clean-ups prevent all future leakage.
D. Maintenance is unnecessary after installation.
Câu 38.
[I] Plastic can leak from production, consumption, and waste systems on land. [II] As a result, debris travels through drains and rivers and can fragment into smaller particles. [III] A credible response centres on reducing unnecessary products, improving collection, and redesigning systems upstream. [IV]
Implementation depends on product design, waste-management coverage, and consumer and business practices. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Plastic pollution can affect wildlife, ecosystems, livelihoods, and human well-being. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Removing litter is useful but does not address every source of plastic pollution. The discussion also suggests that Upstream prevention is likely to be more effective when combined with downstream clean-up.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the United Nations Environment Programme.)
Which of the following best paraphrases the main idea of paragraph 4?
A. Planning should avoid community or institutional responsibility.
B. Uncertainty means that no action should be taken.
C. Successful planning combines technology, operations, responsibility, and long-term system thinking.
D. The issue can be solved by purchasing one advanced device.
Câu 39.
[I] Plastic can leak from production, consumption, and waste systems on land. [II] As a result, debris travels through drains and rivers and can fragment into smaller particles. [III] A credible response centres on reducing unnecessary products, improving collection, and redesigning systems upstream. [IV]
Implementation depends on product design, waste-management coverage, and consumer and business practices. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Plastic pollution can affect wildlife, ecosystems, livelihoods, and human well-being. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Removing litter is useful but does not address every source of plastic pollution. The discussion also suggests that Upstream prevention is likely to be more effective when combined with downstream clean-up.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the United Nations Environment Programme.)
Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A. The recommended intervention works identically in every location.
B. Long-term maintenance reduces the need for all initial planning.
C. Technical performance is the only legitimate evaluation criterion.
D. Upstream prevention is likely to be more effective when combined with downstream clean-up.
Câu 40.
[I] Plastic can leak from production, consumption, and waste systems on land. [II] As a result, debris travels through drains and rivers and can fragment into smaller particles. [III] A credible response centres on reducing unnecessary products, improving collection, and redesigning systems upstream. [IV]
Implementation depends on product design, waste-management coverage, and consumer and business practices. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Plastic pollution can affect wildlife, ecosystems, livelihoods, and human well-being. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. Removing litter is useful but does not address every source of plastic pollution. The discussion also suggests that Upstream prevention is likely to be more effective when combined with downstream clean-up.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the United Nations Environment Programme.)
Which of the following best summarises the passage?
A. Marine plastic pollution begins across the product life cycle, so lasting solutions combine prevention, redesign, collection, and clean-up.
B. The life cycle of marine plastic is a purely technical matter that has no social or environmental consequences.
C. The passage argues that assuming beach clean-ups prevent all future leakage is the only effective strategy.
D. The passage claims that installing new technology automatically guarantees equitable and permanent success.
