Đề luyện thi tốt nghiệp THPT môn Tiếng Anh nâng cao số 15
⏱ 50 phút📝 40 câu✅ Đã làm 0/40
Thời gian
50:00
Câu 1/40Đáp án được lưu tự động
1
Many students assume that auditing resource use in schools is simply counting discarded objects. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. A municipal sustainability office has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘Measure to Improve’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (1).
Chọn một đáp án
Đề luyện thi tốt nghiệp THPT
Đề luyện thi tốt nghiệp THPT môn Tiếng Anh nâng cao số 15
Thời gian làm bài: 50 phút
1
Many students assume that auditing resource use in schools is simply counting discarded objects. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. A municipal sustainability office has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘Measure to Improve’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (1).
Chọn một đáp án
2
Many students assume that auditing resource use in schools is simply counting discarded objects. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. A municipal sustainability office has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘Measure to Improve’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (2).
Chọn một đáp án
3
Many students assume that auditing resource use in schools is simply counting discarded objects. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. A municipal sustainability office has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘Measure to Improve’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (3).
Chọn một đáp án
4
Many students assume that auditing resource use in schools is simply counting discarded objects. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. A municipal sustainability office has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘Measure to Improve’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (4).
Chọn một đáp án
5
Many students assume that auditing resource use in schools is simply counting discarded objects. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. A municipal sustainability office has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘Measure to Improve’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (5).
Chọn một đáp án
6
Many students assume that auditing resource use in schools is simply counting discarded objects. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. A municipal sustainability office has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘Measure to Improve’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (6).
Chọn một đáp án
7
Cut Waste with Better Evidence Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ financial and environmental constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (7).
Chọn một đáp án
8
Cut Waste with Better Evidence Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ financial and environmental constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (8).
Chọn một đáp án
9
Cut Waste with Better Evidence Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ financial and environmental constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (9).
Chọn một đáp án
10
Cut Waste with Better Evidence Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ financial and environmental constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (10).
Chọn một đáp án
11
Cut Waste with Better Evidence Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ financial and environmental constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (11).
Chọn một đáp án
12
Cut Waste with Better Evidence Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ financial and environmental constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (12).
Chọn một đáp án
13
Choose the best arrangement of the following utterances to make a meaningful exchange. a. Mai: That sounds worthwhile. What will you focus on there? b. Khoa: I have registered for a workshop on food-waste measurement at the school canteen laboratory. c. Khoa: We will learn how to separate avoidable waste from unavoidable scraps.
Chọn một đáp án
14
Choose the best arrangement of the following utterances to make a meaningful exchange. a. Linh: Why did you choose that particular session? b. Tuan: I am considering the advanced session on food-waste measurement. c. Tuan: Because it teaches participants to separate avoidable waste from unavoidable scraps. d. Linh: I see. Does it mention any difficulties? e. Tuan: Yes. It warns that daily totals can vary substantially.
Chọn một đáp án
15
Choose the best arrangement of the following sentences to make a meaningful email. Hi Alex, a. Please let me know by Thursday whether you can join us. b. Last week, our class completed a preliminary activity on food-waste measurement. c. I am writing to invite you to the follow-up session at the school canteen laboratory. d. The discussion was demanding because daily totals can vary substantially. e. The next session will show us how to separate avoidable waste from unavoidable scraps.
Chọn một đáp án
16
Choose the best arrangement of the following sentences to make a meaningful paragraph. a. For example, learners can examine a realistic case involving food-waste measurement before proposing a response. b. Case-based learning can make lessons on food-waste measurement more intellectually demanding. c. It requires students to connect evidence, assumptions, and possible consequences. d. However, the teacher must provide sufficient background and clearly defined criteria. e. With that support, students can practise reasoning rather than merely recall isolated facts.
Chọn một đáp án
17
Choose the best arrangement of the following sentences to make a meaningful paragraph. a. Nevertheless, daily totals can vary substantially. b. Interest in food-waste measurement has increased as its consequences have become more visible. c. This interest has encouraged schools and community organisations to offer specialised activities. d. In response, organisers are adding preliminary guidance and supervised practice. e. As a result, participants can tackle difficult material without being expected to master it immediately.
Chọn một đáp án
18
A smart waste-audit station, once confined largely to specialist settings, is beginning to enter public service. A pilot system (18) ______. Since that demonstration, it has been evaluated in several real-world environments. The project is coordinated by a circular-economy research group, (19) ______. (20) ______. Its designers therefore invited users and frontline staff to test early versions. (21) ______. What distinguishes the system, however, is its ability to classify discarded food by weight and category. Equipped with specialised sensors and decision rules, (22) ______. The developers emphasise that it depends on consistent sampling and careful interpretation.
Choose the option that best fits blank (18).
Chọn một đáp án
19
A smart waste-audit station, once confined largely to specialist settings, is beginning to enter public service. A pilot system (18) ______. Since that demonstration, it has been evaluated in several real-world environments. The project is coordinated by a circular-economy research group, (19) ______. (20) ______. Its designers therefore invited users and frontline staff to test early versions. (21) ______. What distinguishes the system, however, is its ability to classify discarded food by weight and category. Equipped with specialised sensors and decision rules, (22) ______. The developers emphasise that it depends on consistent sampling and careful interpretation.
Choose the option that best fits blank (19).
Chọn một đáp án
20
A smart waste-audit station, once confined largely to specialist settings, is beginning to enter public service. A pilot system (18) ______. Since that demonstration, it has been evaluated in several real-world environments. The project is coordinated by a circular-economy research group, (19) ______. (20) ______. Its designers therefore invited users and frontline staff to test early versions. (21) ______. What distinguishes the system, however, is its ability to classify discarded food by weight and category. Equipped with specialised sensors and decision rules, (22) ______. The developers emphasise that it depends on consistent sampling and careful interpretation.
Choose the option that best fits blank (20).
Chọn một đáp án
21
A smart waste-audit station, once confined largely to specialist settings, is beginning to enter public service. A pilot system (18) ______. Since that demonstration, it has been evaluated in several real-world environments. The project is coordinated by a circular-economy research group, (19) ______. (20) ______. Its designers therefore invited users and frontline staff to test early versions. (21) ______. What distinguishes the system, however, is its ability to classify discarded food by weight and category. Equipped with specialised sensors and decision rules, (22) ______. The developers emphasise that it depends on consistent sampling and careful interpretation.
Choose the option that best fits blank (21).
Chọn một đáp án
22
A smart waste-audit station, once confined largely to specialist settings, is beginning to enter public service. A pilot system (18) ______. Since that demonstration, it has been evaluated in several real-world environments. The project is coordinated by a circular-economy research group, (19) ______. (20) ______. Its designers therefore invited users and frontline staff to test early versions. (21) ______. What distinguishes the system, however, is its ability to classify discarded food by weight and category. Equipped with specialised sensors and decision rules, (22) ______. The developers emphasise that it depends on consistent sampling and careful interpretation.
Choose the option that best fits blank (22).
Chọn một đáp án
23
Food-waste measurement has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine weighing discarded food, separating edible and inedible fractions, and tracking where waste occurs. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Households, retailers, and food-service operators must record what is discarded and identify preventable patterns. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. When waste is not measured consistently, organisations may misunderstand both its scale and its causes.
A persistent obstacle is that inconsistent definitions and short measurement periods can produce misleading comparisons. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Reliable measurement can reveal where reduction efforts should be targeted.
Modern practice increasingly uses standardised waste audits supported by digital recording tools. In particular, digital scales, categorisation apps, and comparable reporting frameworks can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Measurement does not reduce waste by itself, but it makes effective action easier to design and evaluate.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the United Nations Environment Programme.)
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a component of an effective response?
Chọn một đáp án
24
Food-waste measurement has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine weighing discarded food, separating edible and inedible fractions, and tracking where waste occurs. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Households, retailers, and food-service operators must record what is discarded and identify preventable patterns. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. When waste is not measured consistently, organisations may misunderstand both its scale and its causes.
A persistent obstacle is that inconsistent definitions and short measurement periods can produce misleading comparisons. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Reliable measurement can reveal where reduction efforts should be targeted.
Modern practice increasingly uses standardised waste audits supported by digital recording tools. In particular, digital scales, categorisation apps, and comparable reporting frameworks can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Measurement does not reduce waste by itself, but it makes effective action easier to design and evaluate.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the United Nations Environment Programme.)
The word ‘temporary’ in paragraph 1 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ______.
Chọn một đáp án
25
Food-waste measurement has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine weighing discarded food, separating edible and inedible fractions, and tracking where waste occurs. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Households, retailers, and food-service operators must record what is discarded and identify preventable patterns. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. When waste is not measured consistently, organisations may misunderstand both its scale and its causes.
A persistent obstacle is that inconsistent definitions and short measurement periods can produce misleading comparisons. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Reliable measurement can reveal where reduction efforts should be targeted.
Modern practice increasingly uses standardised waste audits supported by digital recording tools. In particular, digital scales, categorisation apps, and comparable reporting frameworks can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Measurement does not reduce waste by itself, but it makes effective action easier to design and evaluate.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the United Nations Environment Programme.)
The word ‘Their’ in paragraph 2 refers to ______.
Chọn một đáp án
26
Food-waste measurement has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine weighing discarded food, separating edible and inedible fractions, and tracking where waste occurs. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Households, retailers, and food-service operators must record what is discarded and identify preventable patterns. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. When waste is not measured consistently, organisations may misunderstand both its scale and its causes.
A persistent obstacle is that inconsistent definitions and short measurement periods can produce misleading comparisons. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Reliable measurement can reveal where reduction efforts should be targeted.
Modern practice increasingly uses standardised waste audits supported by digital recording tools. In particular, digital scales, categorisation apps, and comparable reporting frameworks can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Measurement does not reduce waste by itself, but it makes effective action easier to design and evaluate.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the United Nations Environment Programme.)
The word ‘persistent’ in paragraph 3 could best be replaced by ______.
Chọn một đáp án
27
Food-waste measurement has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine weighing discarded food, separating edible and inedible fractions, and tracking where waste occurs. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Households, retailers, and food-service operators must record what is discarded and identify preventable patterns. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. When waste is not measured consistently, organisations may misunderstand both its scale and its causes.
A persistent obstacle is that inconsistent definitions and short measurement periods can produce misleading comparisons. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Reliable measurement can reveal where reduction efforts should be targeted.
Modern practice increasingly uses standardised waste audits supported by digital recording tools. In particular, digital scales, categorisation apps, and comparable reporting frameworks can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Measurement does not reduce waste by itself, but it makes effective action easier to design and evaluate.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the United Nations Environment Programme.)
Which of the following best paraphrases the final sentence?
Chọn một đáp án
28
Food-waste measurement has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine weighing discarded food, separating edible and inedible fractions, and tracking where waste occurs. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Households, retailers, and food-service operators must record what is discarded and identify preventable patterns. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. When waste is not measured consistently, organisations may misunderstand both its scale and its causes.
A persistent obstacle is that inconsistent definitions and short measurement periods can produce misleading comparisons. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Reliable measurement can reveal where reduction efforts should be targeted.
Modern practice increasingly uses standardised waste audits supported by digital recording tools. In particular, digital scales, categorisation apps, and comparable reporting frameworks can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Measurement does not reduce waste by itself, but it makes effective action easier to design and evaluate.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the United Nations Environment Programme.)
Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
Chọn một đáp án
29
Food-waste measurement has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine weighing discarded food, separating edible and inedible fractions, and tracking where waste occurs. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Households, retailers, and food-service operators must record what is discarded and identify preventable patterns. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. When waste is not measured consistently, organisations may misunderstand both its scale and its causes.
A persistent obstacle is that inconsistent definitions and short measurement periods can produce misleading comparisons. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Reliable measurement can reveal where reduction efforts should be targeted.
Modern practice increasingly uses standardised waste audits supported by digital recording tools. In particular, digital scales, categorisation apps, and comparable reporting frameworks can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Measurement does not reduce waste by itself, but it makes effective action easier to design and evaluate.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the United Nations Environment Programme.)
In which paragraph does the writer explain a causal relationship affecting the choices of key actors?
Chọn một đáp án
30
Food-waste measurement has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine weighing discarded food, separating edible and inedible fractions, and tracking where waste occurs. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Households, retailers, and food-service operators must record what is discarded and identify preventable patterns. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. When waste is not measured consistently, organisations may misunderstand both its scale and its causes.
A persistent obstacle is that inconsistent definitions and short measurement periods can produce misleading comparisons. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Reliable measurement can reveal where reduction efforts should be targeted.
Modern practice increasingly uses standardised waste audits supported by digital recording tools. In particular, digital scales, categorisation apps, and comparable reporting frameworks can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Measurement does not reduce waste by itself, but it makes effective action easier to design and evaluate.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the United Nations Environment Programme.)
In which paragraph does the writer discuss modern tools for detecting patterns and supporting earlier action?
Chọn một đáp án
31
[I] Solar and wind output varies with weather and time of day. [II] As a result, electricity systems must balance changing supply with demand at every moment. [III] A credible response centres on combining stronger grids, storage, demand response, and diverse generation. [IV]
Implementation depends on accurate forecasting, interregional transmission, and flexible demand. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Poor coordination can lead to curtailment, congestion, or unnecessary backup generation. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. A flexible grid can integrate variable renewables more effectively than an inflexible one. The discussion also suggests that Grid planning must develop alongside renewable capacity rather than after it.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the International Energy Agency.)
Where in paragraph 1 does the following sentence best fit? ‘Yet the benefits depend on careful design rather than on the label attached to a project.’
Chọn một đáp án
32
[I] Solar and wind output varies with weather and time of day. [II] As a result, electricity systems must balance changing supply with demand at every moment. [III] A credible response centres on combining stronger grids, storage, demand response, and diverse generation. [IV]
Implementation depends on accurate forecasting, interregional transmission, and flexible demand. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Poor coordination can lead to curtailment, congestion, or unnecessary backup generation. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. A flexible grid can integrate variable renewables more effectively than an inflexible one. The discussion also suggests that Grid planning must develop alongside renewable capacity rather than after it.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the International Energy Agency.)
The phrase ‘far-reaching’ in paragraph 3 could best be replaced by ______.
Chọn một đáp án
33
[I] Solar and wind output varies with weather and time of day. [II] As a result, electricity systems must balance changing supply with demand at every moment. [III] A credible response centres on combining stronger grids, storage, demand response, and diverse generation. [IV]
Implementation depends on accurate forecasting, interregional transmission, and flexible demand. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Poor coordination can lead to curtailment, congestion, or unnecessary backup generation. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. A flexible grid can integrate variable renewables more effectively than an inflexible one. The discussion also suggests that Grid planning must develop alongside renewable capacity rather than after it.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the International Energy Agency.)
The expression ‘These factors’ in paragraph 2 refers to ______.
Chọn một đáp án
34
[I] Solar and wind output varies with weather and time of day. [II] As a result, electricity systems must balance changing supply with demand at every moment. [III] A credible response centres on combining stronger grids, storage, demand response, and diverse generation. [IV]
Implementation depends on accurate forecasting, interregional transmission, and flexible demand. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Poor coordination can lead to curtailment, congestion, or unnecessary backup generation. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. A flexible grid can integrate variable renewables more effectively than an inflexible one. The discussion also suggests that Grid planning must develop alongside renewable capacity rather than after it.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the International Energy Agency.)
According to paragraph 2, which of the following is NOT an implementation factor?
Chọn một đáp án
35
[I] Solar and wind output varies with weather and time of day. [II] As a result, electricity systems must balance changing supply with demand at every moment. [III] A credible response centres on combining stronger grids, storage, demand response, and diverse generation. [IV]
Implementation depends on accurate forecasting, interregional transmission, and flexible demand. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Poor coordination can lead to curtailment, congestion, or unnecessary backup generation. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. A flexible grid can integrate variable renewables more effectively than an inflexible one. The discussion also suggests that Grid planning must develop alongside renewable capacity rather than after it.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the International Energy Agency.)
Which of the following best summarises paragraph 3?
Chọn một đáp án
36
[I] Solar and wind output varies with weather and time of day. [II] As a result, electricity systems must balance changing supply with demand at every moment. [III] A credible response centres on combining stronger grids, storage, demand response, and diverse generation. [IV]
Implementation depends on accurate forecasting, interregional transmission, and flexible demand. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Poor coordination can lead to curtailment, congestion, or unnecessary backup generation. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. A flexible grid can integrate variable renewables more effectively than an inflexible one. The discussion also suggests that Grid planning must develop alongside renewable capacity rather than after it.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the International Energy Agency.)
The word ‘continuous’ in paragraph 2 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ______.
Chọn một đáp án
37
[I] Solar and wind output varies with weather and time of day. [II] As a result, electricity systems must balance changing supply with demand at every moment. [III] A credible response centres on combining stronger grids, storage, demand response, and diverse generation. [IV]
Implementation depends on accurate forecasting, interregional transmission, and flexible demand. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Poor coordination can lead to curtailment, congestion, or unnecessary backup generation. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. A flexible grid can integrate variable renewables more effectively than an inflexible one. The discussion also suggests that Grid planning must develop alongside renewable capacity rather than after it.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the International Energy Agency.)
Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
Chọn một đáp án
38
[I] Solar and wind output varies with weather and time of day. [II] As a result, electricity systems must balance changing supply with demand at every moment. [III] A credible response centres on combining stronger grids, storage, demand response, and diverse generation. [IV]
Implementation depends on accurate forecasting, interregional transmission, and flexible demand. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Poor coordination can lead to curtailment, congestion, or unnecessary backup generation. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. A flexible grid can integrate variable renewables more effectively than an inflexible one. The discussion also suggests that Grid planning must develop alongside renewable capacity rather than after it.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the International Energy Agency.)
Which of the following best paraphrases the main idea of paragraph 4?
Chọn một đáp án
39
[I] Solar and wind output varies with weather and time of day. [II] As a result, electricity systems must balance changing supply with demand at every moment. [III] A credible response centres on combining stronger grids, storage, demand response, and diverse generation. [IV]
Implementation depends on accurate forecasting, interregional transmission, and flexible demand. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Poor coordination can lead to curtailment, congestion, or unnecessary backup generation. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. A flexible grid can integrate variable renewables more effectively than an inflexible one. The discussion also suggests that Grid planning must develop alongside renewable capacity rather than after it.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the International Energy Agency.)
Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
Chọn một đáp án
40
[I] Solar and wind output varies with weather and time of day. [II] As a result, electricity systems must balance changing supply with demand at every moment. [III] A credible response centres on combining stronger grids, storage, demand response, and diverse generation. [IV]
Implementation depends on accurate forecasting, interregional transmission, and flexible demand. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Poor coordination can lead to curtailment, congestion, or unnecessary backup generation. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. A flexible grid can integrate variable renewables more effectively than an inflexible one. The discussion also suggests that Grid planning must develop alongside renewable capacity rather than after it.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the International Energy Agency.)
Which of the following best summarises the passage?
Chọn một đáp án
Thông tin đề
Cách sử dụng Đề luyện thi tốt nghiệp THPT môn Tiếng Anh nâng cao số 15
Trước khi làm: chuẩn bị giấy nháp, giữ đúng thời lượng 50 phút và hạn chế mở tài liệu để kết quả phản ánh đúng mức hiện tại.
Trong khi làm: câu trả lời được lưu tự động trên trình duyệt. Bạn có thể chuyển giữa chế độ từng câu và khổ A4 mà không mất lựa chọn đã nhập.
Sau khi nộp: xem điểm, đáp án đúng và phần giải thích. Hãy ghi lại nhóm lỗi sai để quyết định chuyên đề cần ôn lại trước đề tiếp theo.
Tự học sau khi làm đề
Đáp án và giải thích từng câu
Phần này giúp bạn rà soát lại kiến thức sau khi đã thử làm đề. Mỗi mục giữ nguyên nội dung câu hỏi, đáp án đúng và lời giải có trong dữ liệu gốc.
1Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 1
Many students assume that auditing resource use in schools is simply counting discarded objects. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. A municipal sustainability office has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘Measure to Improve’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (1).
A.practically consequential
B.intellectual demand
C.demanded intellectually
D.intellectually demand
Đáp án: A
Giải thích:Sau ‘genuinely’ cần một tính từ hoặc cụm tính từ hoàn chỉnh; ‘practically consequential’ phù hợp cả ngữ pháp lẫn nghĩa.
2Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 2
Many students assume that auditing resource use in schools is simply counting discarded objects. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. A municipal sustainability office has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘Measure to Improve’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (2).
A.data-driven efficiency programme resource
B.data-driven resource efficiency programme
C.data-driven resource programme efficiency
D.data-driven efficiency resource programme
Đáp án: B
Giải thích:Trật tự đúng của cụm danh từ là ‘data-driven resource efficiency programme’, trong đó các từ bổ nghĩa đứng trước danh từ chính ‘programme’.
3Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 3
Many students assume that auditing resource use in schools is simply counting discarded objects. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. A municipal sustainability office has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘Measure to Improve’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (3).
A.covered
B.to cover
C.covers
D.covering
Đáp án: C
Giải thích:Chủ ngữ của mệnh đề quan hệ là danh từ số ít ‘a briefing’, nên cần động từ hiện tại đơn ngôi thứ ba số ít ‘covers’.
4Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 4
Many students assume that auditing resource use in schools is simply counting discarded objects. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. A municipal sustainability office has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘Measure to Improve’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (4).
A.for
B.with
C.at
D.to
Đáp án: D
Giải thích:Cụm ‘be tailored to’ yêu cầu giới từ ‘to’.
5Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 5
Many students assume that auditing resource use in schools is simply counting discarded objects. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. A municipal sustainability office has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘Measure to Improve’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (5).
A.cultivate systems thinking
B.do systems thinking
C.make systems thinking
D.take systems thinking
Đáp án: A
Giải thích:‘cultivate systems thinking’ là kết hợp từ tự nhiên và phù hợp nhất với mục tiêu phát triển năng lực trong câu.
6Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 6
Many students assume that auditing resource use in schools is simply counting discarded objects. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. A municipal sustainability office has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘Measure to Improve’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (6).
A.having working with incomplete data
B.working with incomplete data
C.to working with incomplete data
D.the working with incomplete data
Đáp án: B
Giải thích:Sau ‘be accustomed to’, ‘to’ là giới từ nên phải dùng danh động từ hoặc cụm danh động từ: ‘working with incomplete data’.
7Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 7
Cut Waste with Better Evidence Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ financial and environmental constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (7).
A.another
B.the others
C.other
D.others
Đáp án: C
Giải thích:‘Other’ đứng trước cụm danh từ số nhiều ‘constraints’; các lựa chọn còn lại không phù hợp cấu trúc.
8Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 8
Cut Waste with Better Evidence Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ financial and environmental constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (8).
A.carry out
B.bring about
C.come across
D.brush aside
Đáp án: D
Giải thích:‘Brush aside evidence’ nghĩa là gạt bỏ hoặc xem nhẹ bằng chứng; các cụm còn lại không phù hợp ngữ nghĩa.
9Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 9
Cut Waste with Better Evidence Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ financial and environmental constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (9).
A.consequences
B.consequent
C.consequently
D.consequence
Đáp án: A
Giải thích:Sau ‘serious long-term’ cần danh từ đếm được số nhiều; ‘consequences’ phù hợp cả ngữ pháp lẫn nghĩa.
10Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 10
Cut Waste with Better Evidence Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ financial and environmental constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (10).
A.Apart from
B.Rather than
C.Owing to
D.In case of
Đáp án: B
Giải thích:‘Rather than’ tạo quan hệ thay thế/đối chiếu: không dựa vào một quan sát mà nên so sánh nhiều nguồn.
11Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 11
Cut Waste with Better Evidence Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ financial and environmental constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (11).
A.quality
B.level
C.likelihood
D.amount
Đáp án: C
Giải thích:Cụm ‘the likelihood of doing something’ diễn đạt xác suất hoặc khả năng xảy ra một kết quả.
12Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 12
Cut Waste with Better Evidence Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ financial and environmental constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (12).
A.substances
B.factors
C.amounts
D.records
Đáp án: D
Giải thích:‘Records’ phù hợp với động từ ‘organise’ và ý lưu lại dữ liệu để quyết định sau này có thể được kiểm tra.
13Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 13
Choose the best arrangement of the following utterances to make a meaningful exchange. a. Mai: That sounds worthwhile. What will you focus on there? b. Khoa: I have registered for a workshop on food-waste measurement at the school canteen laboratory. c. Khoa: We will learn how to separate avoidable waste from unavoidable scraps.
A.a – b – c
B.b – c – a
C.b – a – c
D.c – a – b
Đáp án: C
Giải thích:Câu b mở đầu bằng thông tin đăng ký; câu a hỏi trọng tâm; câu c trả lời trực tiếp.
14Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 14
Choose the best arrangement of the following utterances to make a meaningful exchange. a. Linh: Why did you choose that particular session? b. Tuan: I am considering the advanced session on food-waste measurement. c. Tuan: Because it teaches participants to separate avoidable waste from unavoidable scraps. d. Linh: I see. Does it mention any difficulties? e. Tuan: Yes. It warns that daily totals can vary substantially.
A.d – b – a – e – c
B.a – b – c – e – d
C.b – c – a – d – e
D.b – a – c – d – e
Đáp án: D
Giải thích:Câu b nêu lựa chọn, a hỏi lý do, c giải thích, d hỏi thêm và e trả lời về khó khăn.
15Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 15
Choose the best arrangement of the following sentences to make a meaningful email. Hi Alex, a. Please let me know by Thursday whether you can join us. b. Last week, our class completed a preliminary activity on food-waste measurement. c. I am writing to invite you to the follow-up session at the school canteen laboratory. d. The discussion was demanding because daily totals can vary substantially. e. The next session will show us how to separate avoidable waste from unavoidable scraps.
A.c – e – b – a – d
B.d – b – c – e – a
C.b – c – d – a – e
D.c – b – d – e – a
Đáp án: D
Giải thích:Câu c nêu mục đích thư; b và d nhắc hoạt động trước; e giới thiệu buổi tiếp theo; a yêu cầu hồi âm.
16Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 16
Choose the best arrangement of the following sentences to make a meaningful paragraph. a. For example, learners can examine a realistic case involving food-waste measurement before proposing a response. b. Case-based learning can make lessons on food-waste measurement more intellectually demanding. c. It requires students to connect evidence, assumptions, and possible consequences. d. However, the teacher must provide sufficient background and clearly defined criteria. e. With that support, students can practise reasoning rather than merely recall isolated facts.
A.d – b – c – a – e
B.b – c – a – d – e
C.a – b – d – c – e
D.b – a – c – d – e
Đáp án: B
Giải thích:Câu b là câu chủ đề; c giải thích yêu cầu tư duy; a đưa ví dụ; d nêu điều kiện; e kết luận.
17Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 17
Choose the best arrangement of the following sentences to make a meaningful paragraph. a. Nevertheless, daily totals can vary substantially. b. Interest in food-waste measurement has increased as its consequences have become more visible. c. This interest has encouraged schools and community organisations to offer specialised activities. d. In response, organisers are adding preliminary guidance and supervised practice. e. As a result, participants can tackle difficult material without being expected to master it immediately.
A.c – b – a – d – e
B.a – d – b – c – e
C.b – c – a – d – e
D.b – a – c – e – d
Đáp án: C
Giải thích:Câu b nêu xu hướng; c chỉ hệ quả; a chuyển sang khó khăn; d nêu phản ứng; e kết quả.
18Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 18
A smart waste-audit station, once confined largely to specialist settings, is beginning to enter public service. A pilot system (18) ______. Since that demonstration, it has been evaluated in several real-world environments. The project is coordinated by a circular-economy research group, (19) ______. (20) ______. Its designers therefore invited users and frontline staff to test early versions. (21) ______. What distinguishes the system, however, is its ability to classify discarded food by weight and category. Equipped with specialised sensors and decision rules, (22) ______. The developers emphasise that it depends on consistent sampling and careful interpretation.
Choose the option that best fits blank (18).
A.that its first presentation was during a controlled public trial in 2024
B.was first presented during a controlled public trial in 2024
C.which first presenting during a controlled public trial in 2024
D.having first present during a controlled public trial in 2024
Đáp án: B
Giải thích:Sau chủ ngữ cần một vị ngữ hoàn chỉnh ở thể bị động: ‘was first presented ...’.
19Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 19
A smart waste-audit station, once confined largely to specialist settings, is beginning to enter public service. A pilot system (18) ______. Since that demonstration, it has been evaluated in several real-world environments. The project is coordinated by a circular-economy research group, (19) ______. (20) ______. Its designers therefore invited users and frontline staff to test early versions. (21) ______. What distinguishes the system, however, is its ability to classify discarded food by weight and category. Equipped with specialised sensors and decision rules, (22) ______. The developers emphasise that it depends on consistent sampling and careful interpretation.
Choose the option that best fits blank (19).
A.of which team combining technical research and consultation from affected users
B.succeeded to combine by technical research and affected users
C.whose team combines technical research with consultation from affected users
D.which its team combines technical research with consultation from affected users
Đáp án: C
Giải thích:‘Whose team ...’ là mệnh đề quan hệ sở hữu đúng, bổ nghĩa cho tổ chức đứng trước.
20Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 20
A smart waste-audit station, once confined largely to specialist settings, is beginning to enter public service. A pilot system (18) ______. Since that demonstration, it has been evaluated in several real-world environments. The project is coordinated by a circular-economy research group, (19) ______. (20) ______. Its designers therefore invited users and frontline staff to test early versions. (21) ______. What distinguishes the system, however, is its ability to classify discarded food by weight and category. Equipped with specialised sensors and decision rules, (22) ______. The developers emphasise that it depends on consistent sampling and careful interpretation.
Choose the option that best fits blank (20).
A.Although technical accuracy alone guaranteeing a public system to trust and use
B.Technical accuracy alone, which does not a guarantee of public trust and usability
C.Having guaranteed public trust, technical accuracy alone is not
D.Technical accuracy alone does not guarantee that a public system will be trusted or usable
Đáp án: D
Giải thích:Cần một câu hoàn chỉnh, logic với phần sau nói về việc mời người dùng tham gia thử nghiệm.
21Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 21
A smart waste-audit station, once confined largely to specialist settings, is beginning to enter public service. A pilot system (18) ______. Since that demonstration, it has been evaluated in several real-world environments. The project is coordinated by a circular-economy research group, (19) ______. (20) ______. Its designers therefore invited users and frontline staff to test early versions. (21) ______. What distinguishes the system, however, is its ability to classify discarded food by weight and category. Equipped with specialised sensors and decision rules, (22) ______. The developers emphasise that it depends on consistent sampling and careful interpretation.
Choose the option that best fits blank (21).
A.Their feedback led to changes in language, controls, and warning thresholds
B.Having changed language, controls, and warning thresholds by their feedback
C.Language, controls, and warning thresholds led their feedback to change
D.Their feedback, which the changes in language, controls, and warning thresholds
Đáp án: A
Giải thích:Câu đúng có chủ ngữ ‘Their feedback’ và động từ ‘led to’, diễn đạt quan hệ nguyên nhân–kết quả rõ ràng.
22Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 22
A smart waste-audit station, once confined largely to specialist settings, is beginning to enter public service. A pilot system (18) ______. Since that demonstration, it has been evaluated in several real-world environments. The project is coordinated by a circular-economy research group, (19) ______. (20) ______. Its designers therefore invited users and frontline staff to test early versions. (21) ______. What distinguishes the system, however, is its ability to classify discarded food by weight and category. Equipped with specialised sensors and decision rules, (22) ______. The developers emphasise that it depends on consistent sampling and careful interpretation.
Choose the option that best fits blank (22).
A.there can the system classify discarded food by weight and category
B.the system can classify discarded food by weight and category
C.classify discarded food by weight and category can be the system
D.the system, which classify discarded food by weight and category
Đáp án: B
Giải thích:Cụm phân từ đầu câu ‘Equipped with ...’ phải bổ nghĩa cho chủ ngữ ‘the system’; phương án A tạo câu hoàn chỉnh và không bị lỗi chủ ngữ treo.
23Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 23
Food-waste measurement has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine weighing discarded food, separating edible and inedible fractions, and tracking where waste occurs. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Households, retailers, and food-service operators must record what is discarded and identify preventable patterns. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. When waste is not measured consistently, organisations may misunderstand both its scale and its causes.
A persistent obstacle is that inconsistent definitions and short measurement periods can produce misleading comparisons. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Reliable measurement can reveal where reduction efforts should be targeted.
Modern practice increasingly uses standardised waste audits supported by digital recording tools. In particular, digital scales, categorisation apps, and comparable reporting frameworks can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Measurement does not reduce waste by itself, but it makes effective action easier to design and evaluate.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the United Nations Environment Programme.)
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a component of an effective response?
A.separating edible and inedible fractions
B.tracking where waste occurs
C.weighing discarded food
D.estimating waste only from the size of a restaurant
Đáp án: D
Giải thích:Đoạn 1 nêu weighing discarded food, separating edible and inedible fractions và tracking where waste occurs; không nêu ‘estimating waste only from the size of a restaurant’.
24Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 24
Food-waste measurement has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine weighing discarded food, separating edible and inedible fractions, and tracking where waste occurs. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Households, retailers, and food-service operators must record what is discarded and identify preventable patterns. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. When waste is not measured consistently, organisations may misunderstand both its scale and its causes.
A persistent obstacle is that inconsistent definitions and short measurement periods can produce misleading comparisons. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Reliable measurement can reveal where reduction efforts should be targeted.
Modern practice increasingly uses standardised waste audits supported by digital recording tools. In particular, digital scales, categorisation apps, and comparable reporting frameworks can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Measurement does not reduce waste by itself, but it makes effective action easier to design and evaluate.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the United Nations Environment Programme.)
The word ‘temporary’ in paragraph 1 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ______.
A.limited
B.uncertain
C.partial
D.lasting
Đáp án: D
Giải thích:‘Temporary’ nghĩa là tạm thời; từ trái nghĩa phù hợp là ‘lasting’ (bền lâu).
25Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 25
Food-waste measurement has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine weighing discarded food, separating edible and inedible fractions, and tracking where waste occurs. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Households, retailers, and food-service operators must record what is discarded and identify preventable patterns. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. When waste is not measured consistently, organisations may misunderstand both its scale and its causes.
A persistent obstacle is that inconsistent definitions and short measurement periods can produce misleading comparisons. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Reliable measurement can reveal where reduction efforts should be targeted.
Modern practice increasingly uses standardised waste audits supported by digital recording tools. In particular, digital scales, categorisation apps, and comparable reporting frameworks can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Measurement does not reduce waste by itself, but it makes effective action easier to design and evaluate.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the United Nations Environment Programme.)
The word ‘Their’ in paragraph 2 refers to ______.
A.households, retailers, and food-service operators
B.the consequences
C.individual incidents
D.modern practices
Đáp án: A
Giải thích:‘Their’ chỉ chủ thể vừa được nhắc đến là ‘households, retailers, and food-service operators’.
26Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 26
Food-waste measurement has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine weighing discarded food, separating edible and inedible fractions, and tracking where waste occurs. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Households, retailers, and food-service operators must record what is discarded and identify preventable patterns. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. When waste is not measured consistently, organisations may misunderstand both its scale and its causes.
A persistent obstacle is that inconsistent definitions and short measurement periods can produce misleading comparisons. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Reliable measurement can reveal where reduction efforts should be targeted.
Modern practice increasingly uses standardised waste audits supported by digital recording tools. In particular, digital scales, categorisation apps, and comparable reporting frameworks can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Measurement does not reduce waste by itself, but it makes effective action easier to design and evaluate.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the United Nations Environment Programme.)
The word ‘persistent’ in paragraph 3 could best be replaced by ______.
A.invisible
B.continuing
C.minor
D.accidental
Đáp án: B
Giải thích:Trong ngữ cảnh, ‘persistent’ nghĩa là kéo dài hoặc tiếp diễn, gần nhất với ‘continuing’.
27Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 27
Food-waste measurement has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine weighing discarded food, separating edible and inedible fractions, and tracking where waste occurs. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Households, retailers, and food-service operators must record what is discarded and identify preventable patterns. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. When waste is not measured consistently, organisations may misunderstand both its scale and its causes.
A persistent obstacle is that inconsistent definitions and short measurement periods can produce misleading comparisons. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Reliable measurement can reveal where reduction efforts should be targeted.
Modern practice increasingly uses standardised waste audits supported by digital recording tools. In particular, digital scales, categorisation apps, and comparable reporting frameworks can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Measurement does not reduce waste by itself, but it makes effective action easier to design and evaluate.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the United Nations Environment Programme.)
Which of the following best paraphrases the final sentence?
A.Human decisions are unnecessary when digital systems can detect patterns.
B.Local knowledge should be ignored because it slows technical action.
C.Measurement does not reduce waste by itself, but it makes effective action easier to design and evaluate.
D.Technology automatically solves the problem once enough data are collected.
Đáp án: C
Giải thích:Phương án A giữ nguyên ý: công nghệ hỗ trợ nhưng không thay thế chính sách, chuyên môn và hành vi có trách nhiệm.
28Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 28
Food-waste measurement has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine weighing discarded food, separating edible and inedible fractions, and tracking where waste occurs. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Households, retailers, and food-service operators must record what is discarded and identify preventable patterns. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. When waste is not measured consistently, organisations may misunderstand both its scale and its causes.
A persistent obstacle is that inconsistent definitions and short measurement periods can produce misleading comparisons. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Reliable measurement can reveal where reduction efforts should be targeted.
Modern practice increasingly uses standardised waste audits supported by digital recording tools. In particular, digital scales, categorisation apps, and comparable reporting frameworks can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Measurement does not reduce waste by itself, but it makes effective action easier to design and evaluate.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the United Nations Environment Programme.)
Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A.Estimating waste only from the size of a restaurant.
B.A single isolated measure is always sufficient.
C.Uncertainty makes all preventive action pointless.
D.Reliable measurement can reveal where reduction efforts should be targeted.
Đáp án: D
Giải thích:Phương án A được nêu trực tiếp trong đoạn 3; các lựa chọn còn lại trái với nội dung bài.
29Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 29
Food-waste measurement has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine weighing discarded food, separating edible and inedible fractions, and tracking where waste occurs. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Households, retailers, and food-service operators must record what is discarded and identify preventable patterns. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. When waste is not measured consistently, organisations may misunderstand both its scale and its causes.
A persistent obstacle is that inconsistent definitions and short measurement periods can produce misleading comparisons. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Reliable measurement can reveal where reduction efforts should be targeted.
Modern practice increasingly uses standardised waste audits supported by digital recording tools. In particular, digital scales, categorisation apps, and comparable reporting frameworks can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Measurement does not reduce waste by itself, but it makes effective action easier to design and evaluate.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the United Nations Environment Programme.)
In which paragraph does the writer explain a causal relationship affecting the choices of key actors?
A.Paragraph 1
B.Paragraph 2
C.Paragraph 3
D.Paragraph 4
Đáp án: B
Giải thích:Đoạn 2 trình bày nguyên nhân–hệ quả và cách điều đó chi phối lựa chọn của các chủ thể.
30Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 30
Food-waste measurement has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine weighing discarded food, separating edible and inedible fractions, and tracking where waste occurs. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Households, retailers, and food-service operators must record what is discarded and identify preventable patterns. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. When waste is not measured consistently, organisations may misunderstand both its scale and its causes.
A persistent obstacle is that inconsistent definitions and short measurement periods can produce misleading comparisons. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Reliable measurement can reveal where reduction efforts should be targeted.
Modern practice increasingly uses standardised waste audits supported by digital recording tools. In particular, digital scales, categorisation apps, and comparable reporting frameworks can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Measurement does not reduce waste by itself, but it makes effective action easier to design and evaluate.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the United Nations Environment Programme.)
In which paragraph does the writer discuss modern tools for detecting patterns and supporting earlier action?
A.Paragraph 4
B.Paragraph 1
C.Paragraph 2
D.Paragraph 3
Đáp án: A
Giải thích:Đoạn 4 đề cập các phương pháp hiện đại, công cụ số hoặc mạng lưới dữ liệu.
31Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 31
[I] Solar and wind output varies with weather and time of day. [II] As a result, electricity systems must balance changing supply with demand at every moment. [III] A credible response centres on combining stronger grids, storage, demand response, and diverse generation. [IV]
Implementation depends on accurate forecasting, interregional transmission, and flexible demand. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Poor coordination can lead to curtailment, congestion, or unnecessary backup generation. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. A flexible grid can integrate variable renewables more effectively than an inflexible one. The discussion also suggests that Grid planning must develop alongside renewable capacity rather than after it.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the International Energy Agency.)
Where in paragraph 1 does the following sentence best fit? ‘Yet the benefits depend on careful design rather than on the label attached to a project.’
A.[III]
B.[IV]
C.[I]
D.[II]
Đáp án: B
Giải thích:Câu chèn nêu điều kiện/giới hạn sau khi ba câu trước đã giới thiệu nguyên nhân, hệ quả và hướng ứng phó; vị trí [IV] liên kết tự nhiên nhất.
32Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 32
[I] Solar and wind output varies with weather and time of day. [II] As a result, electricity systems must balance changing supply with demand at every moment. [III] A credible response centres on combining stronger grids, storage, demand response, and diverse generation. [IV]
Implementation depends on accurate forecasting, interregional transmission, and flexible demand. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Poor coordination can lead to curtailment, congestion, or unnecessary backup generation. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. A flexible grid can integrate variable renewables more effectively than an inflexible one. The discussion also suggests that Grid planning must develop alongside renewable capacity rather than after it.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the International Energy Agency.)
The phrase ‘far-reaching’ in paragraph 3 could best be replaced by ______.
A.easy to reverse
B.narrowly technical
C.completely invisible
D.wide-ranging
Đáp án: D
Giải thích:‘Far-reaching’ nghĩa là có ảnh hưởng rộng, gần nhất với ‘wide-ranging’.
33Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 33
[I] Solar and wind output varies with weather and time of day. [II] As a result, electricity systems must balance changing supply with demand at every moment. [III] A credible response centres on combining stronger grids, storage, demand response, and diverse generation. [IV]
Implementation depends on accurate forecasting, interregional transmission, and flexible demand. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Poor coordination can lead to curtailment, congestion, or unnecessary backup generation. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. A flexible grid can integrate variable renewables more effectively than an inflexible one. The discussion also suggests that Grid planning must develop alongside renewable capacity rather than after it.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the International Energy Agency.)
The expression ‘These factors’ in paragraph 2 refers to ______.
A.accurate forecasting, interregional transmission and flexible demand
B.requiring every generator to produce the same output continuously
C.the label attached to a project
D.long-term resilience
Đáp án: A
Giải thích:‘These factors’ quy chiếu về ba yếu tố triển khai được liệt kê ngay trong câu trước.
34Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 34
[I] Solar and wind output varies with weather and time of day. [II] As a result, electricity systems must balance changing supply with demand at every moment. [III] A credible response centres on combining stronger grids, storage, demand response, and diverse generation. [IV]
Implementation depends on accurate forecasting, interregional transmission, and flexible demand. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Poor coordination can lead to curtailment, congestion, or unnecessary backup generation. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. A flexible grid can integrate variable renewables more effectively than an inflexible one. The discussion also suggests that Grid planning must develop alongside renewable capacity rather than after it.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the International Energy Agency.)
According to paragraph 2, which of the following is NOT an implementation factor?
A.flexible demand
B.accurate forecasting
C.requiring every generator to produce the same output continuously
D.interregional transmission
Đáp án: C
Giải thích:Đoạn 2 nêu ba yếu tố triển khai; ‘requiring every generator to produce the same output continuously’ không phải yếu tố được khuyến nghị.
35Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 35
[I] Solar and wind output varies with weather and time of day. [II] As a result, electricity systems must balance changing supply with demand at every moment. [III] A credible response centres on combining stronger grids, storage, demand response, and diverse generation. [IV]
Implementation depends on accurate forecasting, interregional transmission, and flexible demand. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Poor coordination can lead to curtailment, congestion, or unnecessary backup generation. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. A flexible grid can integrate variable renewables more effectively than an inflexible one. The discussion also suggests that Grid planning must develop alongside renewable capacity rather than after it.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the International Energy Agency.)
Which of the following best summarises paragraph 3?
A.Fairness is unrelated to technical and environmental decisions.
B.All impacts disappear as soon as a pilot project begins.
C.Insufficient flexibility can waste clean electricity and increase system costs.
D.The issue has no consequences beyond equipment performance.
Đáp án: C
Giải thích:Phương án A khái quát đúng các tác động rộng được trình bày ở đoạn 3.
36Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 36
[I] Solar and wind output varies with weather and time of day. [II] As a result, electricity systems must balance changing supply with demand at every moment. [III] A credible response centres on combining stronger grids, storage, demand response, and diverse generation. [IV]
Implementation depends on accurate forecasting, interregional transmission, and flexible demand. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Poor coordination can lead to curtailment, congestion, or unnecessary backup generation. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. A flexible grid can integrate variable renewables more effectively than an inflexible one. The discussion also suggests that Grid planning must develop alongside renewable capacity rather than after it.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the International Energy Agency.)
The word ‘continuous’ in paragraph 2 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ______.
A.expensive
B.measurable
C.local
D.intermittent
Đáp án: D
Giải thích:‘Continuous’ nghĩa là liên tục; từ trái nghĩa phù hợp là ‘intermittent’ (gián đoạn, không liên tục).
37Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 37
[I] Solar and wind output varies with weather and time of day. [II] As a result, electricity systems must balance changing supply with demand at every moment. [III] A credible response centres on combining stronger grids, storage, demand response, and diverse generation. [IV]
Implementation depends on accurate forecasting, interregional transmission, and flexible demand. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Poor coordination can lead to curtailment, congestion, or unnecessary backup generation. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. A flexible grid can integrate variable renewables more effectively than an inflexible one. The discussion also suggests that Grid planning must develop alongside renewable capacity rather than after it.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the International Energy Agency.)
Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A.A flexible grid can integrate variable renewables more effectively than an inflexible one.
B.Requiring every generator to produce the same output continuously.
C.Maintenance is unnecessary after installation.
D.A project label guarantees successful results.
Đáp án: A
Giải thích:Phương án A được nêu trực tiếp trong đoạn 4; các phương án khác trái với lập luận của bài.
38Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 38
[I] Solar and wind output varies with weather and time of day. [II] As a result, electricity systems must balance changing supply with demand at every moment. [III] A credible response centres on combining stronger grids, storage, demand response, and diverse generation. [IV]
Implementation depends on accurate forecasting, interregional transmission, and flexible demand. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Poor coordination can lead to curtailment, congestion, or unnecessary backup generation. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. A flexible grid can integrate variable renewables more effectively than an inflexible one. The discussion also suggests that Grid planning must develop alongside renewable capacity rather than after it.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the International Energy Agency.)
Which of the following best paraphrases the main idea of paragraph 4?
A.Uncertainty means that no action should be taken.
B.Successful planning combines technology, operations, responsibility, and long-term system thinking.
C.The issue can be solved by purchasing one advanced device.
D.Planning should avoid community or institutional responsibility.
Đáp án: B
Giải thích:Đoạn 4 nhấn mạnh cách tiếp cận hệ thống, trách nhiệm rõ ràng và duy trì lâu dài.
39Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 39
[I] Solar and wind output varies with weather and time of day. [II] As a result, electricity systems must balance changing supply with demand at every moment. [III] A credible response centres on combining stronger grids, storage, demand response, and diverse generation. [IV]
Implementation depends on accurate forecasting, interregional transmission, and flexible demand. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Poor coordination can lead to curtailment, congestion, or unnecessary backup generation. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. A flexible grid can integrate variable renewables more effectively than an inflexible one. The discussion also suggests that Grid planning must develop alongside renewable capacity rather than after it.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the International Energy Agency.)
Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A.Long-term maintenance reduces the need for all initial planning.
B.Technical performance is the only legitimate evaluation criterion.
C.Grid planning must develop alongside renewable capacity rather than after it.
D.The recommended intervention works identically in every location.
Đáp án: C
Giải thích:Phương án A là suy luận hợp lý từ các điều kiện và giới hạn được nêu; các lựa chọn khác tuyệt đối hoá hoặc mâu thuẫn với bài.
40Xem đáp án và giải thích câu 40
[I] Solar and wind output varies with weather and time of day. [II] As a result, electricity systems must balance changing supply with demand at every moment. [III] A credible response centres on combining stronger grids, storage, demand response, and diverse generation. [IV]
Implementation depends on accurate forecasting, interregional transmission, and flexible demand. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Poor coordination can lead to curtailment, congestion, or unnecessary backup generation. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. A flexible grid can integrate variable renewables more effectively than an inflexible one. The discussion also suggests that Grid planning must develop alongside renewable capacity rather than after it.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the International Energy Agency.)
Which of the following best summarises the passage?
A.Flexible renewable-electricity grids is a purely technical matter that has no social or environmental consequences.
B.The passage argues that requiring every generator to produce the same output continuously is the only effective strategy.
C.The passage claims that installing new technology automatically guarantees equitable and permanent success.
D.Variable renewable power can expand reliably when grids use forecasting, storage, transmission, and flexible demand together.
Đáp án: D
Giải thích:Phương án A bao quát nguyên nhân, giải pháp, điều kiện thực hiện và tác động của toàn bài.
