Đề luyện thi tốt nghiệp THPT môn Tiếng Anh nâng cao số 15
Đề luyện thi Tiếng Anh nâng cao theo cấu trúc môn Ngoại ngữ áp dụng từ năm 2025, gồm 40 câu trắc nghiệm nhiều lựa chọn trong 50 phút. Chủ đề trọng tâm: Resource Efficiency and Clean Power. Ngữ liệu được viết mới và đối chiếu theo tài liệu chính thức của Bộ Giáo dục và Đào tạo, Cambridge English, British Council cùng các tổ chức quốc tế có uy tín; có đáp án và giải thích tiếng Việt.
Câu 1.
Many students assume that auditing resource use in schools is simply counting discarded objects. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. A municipal sustainability office has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘Measure to Improve’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (1).
A. practically consequential
B. intellectual demand
C. demanded intellectually
D. intellectually demand
Câu 2.
Many students assume that auditing resource use in schools is simply counting discarded objects. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. A municipal sustainability office has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘Measure to Improve’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (2).
A. data-driven efficiency programme resource
B. data-driven resource efficiency programme
C. data-driven resource programme efficiency
D. data-driven efficiency resource programme
Câu 3.
Many students assume that auditing resource use in schools is simply counting discarded objects. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. A municipal sustainability office has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘Measure to Improve’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (3).
A. covered
B. to cover
C. covers
D. covering
Câu 4.
Many students assume that auditing resource use in schools is simply counting discarded objects. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. A municipal sustainability office has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘Measure to Improve’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (4).
A. for
B. with
C. at
D. to
Câu 5.
Many students assume that auditing resource use in schools is simply counting discarded objects. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. A municipal sustainability office has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘Measure to Improve’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (5).
A. cultivate systems thinking
B. do systems thinking
C. make systems thinking
D. take systems thinking
Câu 6.
Many students assume that auditing resource use in schools is simply counting discarded objects. In reality, the experience can be genuinely (1) ______. A municipal sustainability office has therefore launched a (2) ______ named ‘Measure to Improve’. Every participant attends a briefing that (3) ______ the practical and ethical issues involved. The level of support is tailored (4) ______ each learner’s prior experience. Those hoping to (5) ______ can work alongside specialists, whereas newcomers who are not accustomed to (6) ______ begin with guided simulations.
Choose the option that best fits blank (6).
A. having working with incomplete data
B. working with incomplete data
C. to working with incomplete data
D. the working with incomplete data
Câu 7.
Cut Waste with Better Evidence
Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ financial and environmental constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (7).
A. another
B. the others
C. other
D. others
Câu 8.
Cut Waste with Better Evidence
Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ financial and environmental constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (8).
A. carry out
B. bring about
C. come across
D. brush aside
Câu 9.
Cut Waste with Better Evidence
Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ financial and environmental constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (9).
A. consequences
B. consequent
C. consequently
D. consequence
Câu 10.
Cut Waste with Better Evidence
Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ financial and environmental constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (10).
A. Apart from
B. Rather than
C. Owing to
D. In case of
Câu 11.
Cut Waste with Better Evidence
Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ financial and environmental constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (11).
A. quality
B. level
C. likelihood
D. amount
Câu 12.
Cut Waste with Better Evidence
Before taking action, identify the immediate problem as well as (7) ______ financial and environmental constraints. Do not simply (8) ______ inconvenient evidence, because today’s shortcut may create serious long-term (9) ______. (10) ______ relying on a single observation, compare several independent sources. This reduces the (11) ______ of reaching a confident but false conclusion. Finally, organise reusable (12) ______ so that later decisions can be checked and improved.
Choose the option that best fits blank (12).
A. substances
B. factors
C. amounts
D. records
Câu 13.
Choose the best arrangement of the following utterances to make a meaningful exchange.
a. Mai: That sounds worthwhile. What will you focus on there?
b. Khoa: I have registered for a workshop on food-waste measurement at the school canteen laboratory.
c. Khoa: We will learn how to separate avoidable waste from unavoidable scraps.
A. a – b – c
B. b – c – a
C. b – a – c
D. c – a – b
Câu 14.
Choose the best arrangement of the following utterances to make a meaningful exchange.
a. Linh: Why did you choose that particular session?
b. Tuan: I am considering the advanced session on food-waste measurement.
c. Tuan: Because it teaches participants to separate avoidable waste from unavoidable scraps.
d. Linh: I see. Does it mention any difficulties?
e. Tuan: Yes. It warns that daily totals can vary substantially.
A. d – b – a – e – c
B. a – b – c – e – d
C. b – c – a – d – e
D. b – a – c – d – e
Câu 15.
Choose the best arrangement of the following sentences to make a meaningful email.
Hi Alex,
a. Please let me know by Thursday whether you can join us.
b. Last week, our class completed a preliminary activity on food-waste measurement.
c. I am writing to invite you to the follow-up session at the school canteen laboratory.
d. The discussion was demanding because daily totals can vary substantially.
e. The next session will show us how to separate avoidable waste from unavoidable scraps.
A. c – e – b – a – d
B. d – b – c – e – a
C. b – c – d – a – e
D. c – b – d – e – a
Câu 16.
Choose the best arrangement of the following sentences to make a meaningful paragraph.
a. For example, learners can examine a realistic case involving food-waste measurement before proposing a response.
b. Case-based learning can make lessons on food-waste measurement more intellectually demanding.
c. It requires students to connect evidence, assumptions, and possible consequences.
d. However, the teacher must provide sufficient background and clearly defined criteria.
e. With that support, students can practise reasoning rather than merely recall isolated facts.
A. d – b – c – a – e
B. b – c – a – d – e
C. a – b – d – c – e
D. b – a – c – d – e
Câu 17.
Choose the best arrangement of the following sentences to make a meaningful paragraph.
a. Nevertheless, daily totals can vary substantially.
b. Interest in food-waste measurement has increased as its consequences have become more visible.
c. This interest has encouraged schools and community organisations to offer specialised activities.
d. In response, organisers are adding preliminary guidance and supervised practice.
e. As a result, participants can tackle difficult material without being expected to master it immediately.
A. c – b – a – d – e
B. a – d – b – c – e
C. b – c – a – d – e
D. b – a – c – e – d
Câu 18.
A smart waste-audit station, once confined largely to specialist settings, is beginning to enter public service. A pilot system (18) ______. Since that demonstration, it has been evaluated in several real-world environments. The project is coordinated by a circular-economy research group, (19) ______. (20) ______. Its designers therefore invited users and frontline staff to test early versions. (21) ______. What distinguishes the system, however, is its ability to classify discarded food by weight and category. Equipped with specialised sensors and decision rules, (22) ______. The developers emphasise that it depends on consistent sampling and careful interpretation.
Choose the option that best fits blank (18).
A. that its first presentation was during a controlled public trial in 2024
B. was first presented during a controlled public trial in 2024
C. which first presenting during a controlled public trial in 2024
D. having first present during a controlled public trial in 2024
Câu 19.
A smart waste-audit station, once confined largely to specialist settings, is beginning to enter public service. A pilot system (18) ______. Since that demonstration, it has been evaluated in several real-world environments. The project is coordinated by a circular-economy research group, (19) ______. (20) ______. Its designers therefore invited users and frontline staff to test early versions. (21) ______. What distinguishes the system, however, is its ability to classify discarded food by weight and category. Equipped with specialised sensors and decision rules, (22) ______. The developers emphasise that it depends on consistent sampling and careful interpretation.
Choose the option that best fits blank (19).
A. of which team combining technical research and consultation from affected users
B. succeeded to combine by technical research and affected users
C. whose team combines technical research with consultation from affected users
D. which its team combines technical research with consultation from affected users
Câu 20.
A smart waste-audit station, once confined largely to specialist settings, is beginning to enter public service. A pilot system (18) ______. Since that demonstration, it has been evaluated in several real-world environments. The project is coordinated by a circular-economy research group, (19) ______. (20) ______. Its designers therefore invited users and frontline staff to test early versions. (21) ______. What distinguishes the system, however, is its ability to classify discarded food by weight and category. Equipped with specialised sensors and decision rules, (22) ______. The developers emphasise that it depends on consistent sampling and careful interpretation.
Choose the option that best fits blank (20).
A. Although technical accuracy alone guaranteeing a public system to trust and use
B. Technical accuracy alone, which does not a guarantee of public trust and usability
C. Having guaranteed public trust, technical accuracy alone is not
D. Technical accuracy alone does not guarantee that a public system will be trusted or usable
Câu 21.
A smart waste-audit station, once confined largely to specialist settings, is beginning to enter public service. A pilot system (18) ______. Since that demonstration, it has been evaluated in several real-world environments. The project is coordinated by a circular-economy research group, (19) ______. (20) ______. Its designers therefore invited users and frontline staff to test early versions. (21) ______. What distinguishes the system, however, is its ability to classify discarded food by weight and category. Equipped with specialised sensors and decision rules, (22) ______. The developers emphasise that it depends on consistent sampling and careful interpretation.
Choose the option that best fits blank (21).
A. Their feedback led to changes in language, controls, and warning thresholds
B. Having changed language, controls, and warning thresholds by their feedback
C. Language, controls, and warning thresholds led their feedback to change
D. Their feedback, which the changes in language, controls, and warning thresholds
Câu 22.
A smart waste-audit station, once confined largely to specialist settings, is beginning to enter public service. A pilot system (18) ______. Since that demonstration, it has been evaluated in several real-world environments. The project is coordinated by a circular-economy research group, (19) ______. (20) ______. Its designers therefore invited users and frontline staff to test early versions. (21) ______. What distinguishes the system, however, is its ability to classify discarded food by weight and category. Equipped with specialised sensors and decision rules, (22) ______. The developers emphasise that it depends on consistent sampling and careful interpretation.
Choose the option that best fits blank (22).
A. there can the system classify discarded food by weight and category
B. the system can classify discarded food by weight and category
C. classify discarded food by weight and category can be the system
D. the system, which classify discarded food by weight and category
Câu 23.
Food-waste measurement has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine weighing discarded food, separating edible and inedible fractions, and tracking where waste occurs. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Households, retailers, and food-service operators must record what is discarded and identify preventable patterns. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. When waste is not measured consistently, organisations may misunderstand both its scale and its causes.
A persistent obstacle is that inconsistent definitions and short measurement periods can produce misleading comparisons. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Reliable measurement can reveal where reduction efforts should be targeted.
Modern practice increasingly uses standardised waste audits supported by digital recording tools. In particular, digital scales, categorisation apps, and comparable reporting frameworks can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Measurement does not reduce waste by itself, but it makes effective action easier to design and evaluate.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the United Nations Environment Programme.)
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a component of an effective response?
A. separating edible and inedible fractions
B. tracking where waste occurs
C. weighing discarded food
D. estimating waste only from the size of a restaurant
Câu 24.
Food-waste measurement has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine weighing discarded food, separating edible and inedible fractions, and tracking where waste occurs. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Households, retailers, and food-service operators must record what is discarded and identify preventable patterns. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. When waste is not measured consistently, organisations may misunderstand both its scale and its causes.
A persistent obstacle is that inconsistent definitions and short measurement periods can produce misleading comparisons. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Reliable measurement can reveal where reduction efforts should be targeted.
Modern practice increasingly uses standardised waste audits supported by digital recording tools. In particular, digital scales, categorisation apps, and comparable reporting frameworks can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Measurement does not reduce waste by itself, but it makes effective action easier to design and evaluate.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the United Nations Environment Programme.)
The word ‘temporary’ in paragraph 1 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ______.
A. limited
B. uncertain
C. partial
D. lasting
Câu 25.
Food-waste measurement has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine weighing discarded food, separating edible and inedible fractions, and tracking where waste occurs. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Households, retailers, and food-service operators must record what is discarded and identify preventable patterns. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. When waste is not measured consistently, organisations may misunderstand both its scale and its causes.
A persistent obstacle is that inconsistent definitions and short measurement periods can produce misleading comparisons. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Reliable measurement can reveal where reduction efforts should be targeted.
Modern practice increasingly uses standardised waste audits supported by digital recording tools. In particular, digital scales, categorisation apps, and comparable reporting frameworks can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Measurement does not reduce waste by itself, but it makes effective action easier to design and evaluate.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the United Nations Environment Programme.)
The word ‘Their’ in paragraph 2 refers to ______.
A. households, retailers, and food-service operators
B. the consequences
C. individual incidents
D. modern practices
Câu 26.
Food-waste measurement has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine weighing discarded food, separating edible and inedible fractions, and tracking where waste occurs. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Households, retailers, and food-service operators must record what is discarded and identify preventable patterns. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. When waste is not measured consistently, organisations may misunderstand both its scale and its causes.
A persistent obstacle is that inconsistent definitions and short measurement periods can produce misleading comparisons. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Reliable measurement can reveal where reduction efforts should be targeted.
Modern practice increasingly uses standardised waste audits supported by digital recording tools. In particular, digital scales, categorisation apps, and comparable reporting frameworks can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Measurement does not reduce waste by itself, but it makes effective action easier to design and evaluate.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the United Nations Environment Programme.)
The word ‘persistent’ in paragraph 3 could best be replaced by ______.
A. invisible
B. continuing
C. minor
D. accidental
Câu 27.
Food-waste measurement has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine weighing discarded food, separating edible and inedible fractions, and tracking where waste occurs. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Households, retailers, and food-service operators must record what is discarded and identify preventable patterns. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. When waste is not measured consistently, organisations may misunderstand both its scale and its causes.
A persistent obstacle is that inconsistent definitions and short measurement periods can produce misleading comparisons. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Reliable measurement can reveal where reduction efforts should be targeted.
Modern practice increasingly uses standardised waste audits supported by digital recording tools. In particular, digital scales, categorisation apps, and comparable reporting frameworks can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Measurement does not reduce waste by itself, but it makes effective action easier to design and evaluate.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the United Nations Environment Programme.)
Which of the following best paraphrases the final sentence?
A. Human decisions are unnecessary when digital systems can detect patterns.
B. Local knowledge should be ignored because it slows technical action.
C. Measurement does not reduce waste by itself, but it makes effective action easier to design and evaluate.
D. Technology automatically solves the problem once enough data are collected.
Câu 28.
Food-waste measurement has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine weighing discarded food, separating edible and inedible fractions, and tracking where waste occurs. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Households, retailers, and food-service operators must record what is discarded and identify preventable patterns. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. When waste is not measured consistently, organisations may misunderstand both its scale and its causes.
A persistent obstacle is that inconsistent definitions and short measurement periods can produce misleading comparisons. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Reliable measurement can reveal where reduction efforts should be targeted.
Modern practice increasingly uses standardised waste audits supported by digital recording tools. In particular, digital scales, categorisation apps, and comparable reporting frameworks can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Measurement does not reduce waste by itself, but it makes effective action easier to design and evaluate.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the United Nations Environment Programme.)
Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Estimating waste only from the size of a restaurant.
B. A single isolated measure is always sufficient.
C. Uncertainty makes all preventive action pointless.
D. Reliable measurement can reveal where reduction efforts should be targeted.
Câu 29.
Food-waste measurement has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine weighing discarded food, separating edible and inedible fractions, and tracking where waste occurs. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Households, retailers, and food-service operators must record what is discarded and identify preventable patterns. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. When waste is not measured consistently, organisations may misunderstand both its scale and its causes.
A persistent obstacle is that inconsistent definitions and short measurement periods can produce misleading comparisons. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Reliable measurement can reveal where reduction efforts should be targeted.
Modern practice increasingly uses standardised waste audits supported by digital recording tools. In particular, digital scales, categorisation apps, and comparable reporting frameworks can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Measurement does not reduce waste by itself, but it makes effective action easier to design and evaluate.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the United Nations Environment Programme.)
In which paragraph does the writer explain a causal relationship affecting the choices of key actors?
A. Paragraph 1
B. Paragraph 2
C. Paragraph 3
D. Paragraph 4
Câu 30.
Food-waste measurement has moved from a specialist concern to a wider public priority. Effective responses generally combine weighing discarded food, separating edible and inedible fractions, and tracking where waste occurs. These measures are mutually reinforcing; when one is missing, progress may be temporary or uneven.
Households, retailers, and food-service operators must record what is discarded and identify preventable patterns. Their choices are shaped by available evidence, institutional capacity, and the consequences of delay. When waste is not measured consistently, organisations may misunderstand both its scale and its causes.
A persistent obstacle is that inconsistent definitions and short measurement periods can produce misleading comparisons. The aim is therefore not merely to react to individual incidents but to address the underlying conditions needed for sustained improvement. Reliable measurement can reveal where reduction efforts should be targeted.
Modern practice increasingly uses standardised waste audits supported by digital recording tools. In particular, digital scales, categorisation apps, and comparable reporting frameworks can make patterns visible and support earlier action. Nevertheless, Measurement does not reduce waste by itself, but it makes effective action easier to design and evaluate.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the United Nations Environment Programme.)
In which paragraph does the writer discuss modern tools for detecting patterns and supporting earlier action?
A. Paragraph 4
B. Paragraph 1
C. Paragraph 2
D. Paragraph 3
Câu 31.
[I] Solar and wind output varies with weather and time of day. [II] As a result, electricity systems must balance changing supply with demand at every moment. [III] A credible response centres on combining stronger grids, storage, demand response, and diverse generation. [IV]
Implementation depends on accurate forecasting, interregional transmission, and flexible demand. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Poor coordination can lead to curtailment, congestion, or unnecessary backup generation. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. A flexible grid can integrate variable renewables more effectively than an inflexible one. The discussion also suggests that Grid planning must develop alongside renewable capacity rather than after it.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the International Energy Agency.)
Where in paragraph 1 does the following sentence best fit?
‘Yet the benefits depend on careful design rather than on the label attached to a project.’
A. [III]
B. [IV]
C. [I]
D. [II]
Câu 32.
[I] Solar and wind output varies with weather and time of day. [II] As a result, electricity systems must balance changing supply with demand at every moment. [III] A credible response centres on combining stronger grids, storage, demand response, and diverse generation. [IV]
Implementation depends on accurate forecasting, interregional transmission, and flexible demand. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Poor coordination can lead to curtailment, congestion, or unnecessary backup generation. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. A flexible grid can integrate variable renewables more effectively than an inflexible one. The discussion also suggests that Grid planning must develop alongside renewable capacity rather than after it.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the International Energy Agency.)
The phrase ‘far-reaching’ in paragraph 3 could best be replaced by ______.
A. easy to reverse
B. narrowly technical
C. completely invisible
D. wide-ranging
Câu 33.
[I] Solar and wind output varies with weather and time of day. [II] As a result, electricity systems must balance changing supply with demand at every moment. [III] A credible response centres on combining stronger grids, storage, demand response, and diverse generation. [IV]
Implementation depends on accurate forecasting, interregional transmission, and flexible demand. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Poor coordination can lead to curtailment, congestion, or unnecessary backup generation. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. A flexible grid can integrate variable renewables more effectively than an inflexible one. The discussion also suggests that Grid planning must develop alongside renewable capacity rather than after it.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the International Energy Agency.)
The expression ‘These factors’ in paragraph 2 refers to ______.
A. accurate forecasting, interregional transmission and flexible demand
B. requiring every generator to produce the same output continuously
C. the label attached to a project
D. long-term resilience
Câu 34.
[I] Solar and wind output varies with weather and time of day. [II] As a result, electricity systems must balance changing supply with demand at every moment. [III] A credible response centres on combining stronger grids, storage, demand response, and diverse generation. [IV]
Implementation depends on accurate forecasting, interregional transmission, and flexible demand. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Poor coordination can lead to curtailment, congestion, or unnecessary backup generation. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. A flexible grid can integrate variable renewables more effectively than an inflexible one. The discussion also suggests that Grid planning must develop alongside renewable capacity rather than after it.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the International Energy Agency.)
According to paragraph 2, which of the following is NOT an implementation factor?
A. flexible demand
B. accurate forecasting
C. requiring every generator to produce the same output continuously
D. interregional transmission
Câu 35.
[I] Solar and wind output varies with weather and time of day. [II] As a result, electricity systems must balance changing supply with demand at every moment. [III] A credible response centres on combining stronger grids, storage, demand response, and diverse generation. [IV]
Implementation depends on accurate forecasting, interregional transmission, and flexible demand. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Poor coordination can lead to curtailment, congestion, or unnecessary backup generation. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. A flexible grid can integrate variable renewables more effectively than an inflexible one. The discussion also suggests that Grid planning must develop alongside renewable capacity rather than after it.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the International Energy Agency.)
Which of the following best summarises paragraph 3?
A. Fairness is unrelated to technical and environmental decisions.
B. All impacts disappear as soon as a pilot project begins.
C. Insufficient flexibility can waste clean electricity and increase system costs.
D. The issue has no consequences beyond equipment performance.
Câu 36.
[I] Solar and wind output varies with weather and time of day. [II] As a result, electricity systems must balance changing supply with demand at every moment. [III] A credible response centres on combining stronger grids, storage, demand response, and diverse generation. [IV]
Implementation depends on accurate forecasting, interregional transmission, and flexible demand. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Poor coordination can lead to curtailment, congestion, or unnecessary backup generation. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. A flexible grid can integrate variable renewables more effectively than an inflexible one. The discussion also suggests that Grid planning must develop alongside renewable capacity rather than after it.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the International Energy Agency.)
The word ‘continuous’ in paragraph 2 is OPPOSITE in meaning to ______.
A. expensive
B. measurable
C. local
D. intermittent
Câu 37.
[I] Solar and wind output varies with weather and time of day. [II] As a result, electricity systems must balance changing supply with demand at every moment. [III] A credible response centres on combining stronger grids, storage, demand response, and diverse generation. [IV]
Implementation depends on accurate forecasting, interregional transmission, and flexible demand. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Poor coordination can lead to curtailment, congestion, or unnecessary backup generation. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. A flexible grid can integrate variable renewables more effectively than an inflexible one. The discussion also suggests that Grid planning must develop alongside renewable capacity rather than after it.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the International Energy Agency.)
Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A. A flexible grid can integrate variable renewables more effectively than an inflexible one.
B. Requiring every generator to produce the same output continuously.
C. Maintenance is unnecessary after installation.
D. A project label guarantees successful results.
Câu 38.
[I] Solar and wind output varies with weather and time of day. [II] As a result, electricity systems must balance changing supply with demand at every moment. [III] A credible response centres on combining stronger grids, storage, demand response, and diverse generation. [IV]
Implementation depends on accurate forecasting, interregional transmission, and flexible demand. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Poor coordination can lead to curtailment, congestion, or unnecessary backup generation. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. A flexible grid can integrate variable renewables more effectively than an inflexible one. The discussion also suggests that Grid planning must develop alongside renewable capacity rather than after it.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the International Energy Agency.)
Which of the following best paraphrases the main idea of paragraph 4?
A. Uncertainty means that no action should be taken.
B. Successful planning combines technology, operations, responsibility, and long-term system thinking.
C. The issue can be solved by purchasing one advanced device.
D. Planning should avoid community or institutional responsibility.
Câu 39.
[I] Solar and wind output varies with weather and time of day. [II] As a result, electricity systems must balance changing supply with demand at every moment. [III] A credible response centres on combining stronger grids, storage, demand response, and diverse generation. [IV]
Implementation depends on accurate forecasting, interregional transmission, and flexible demand. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Poor coordination can lead to curtailment, congestion, or unnecessary backup generation. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. A flexible grid can integrate variable renewables more effectively than an inflexible one. The discussion also suggests that Grid planning must develop alongside renewable capacity rather than after it.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the International Energy Agency.)
Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A. Long-term maintenance reduces the need for all initial planning.
B. Technical performance is the only legitimate evaluation criterion.
C. Grid planning must develop alongside renewable capacity rather than after it.
D. The recommended intervention works identically in every location.
Câu 40.
[I] Solar and wind output varies with weather and time of day. [II] As a result, electricity systems must balance changing supply with demand at every moment. [III] A credible response centres on combining stronger grids, storage, demand response, and diverse generation. [IV]
Implementation depends on accurate forecasting, interregional transmission, and flexible demand. These factors can help only when responsibilities are clear and maintenance is continuous.
The consequences can be far-reaching. Poor coordination can lead to curtailment, congestion, or unnecessary backup generation. This means that decisions influence not only technical performance but also fairness and long-term resilience.
Effective planning therefore treats the issue as a system rather than a single piece of equipment. A flexible grid can integrate variable renewables more effectively than an inflexible one. The discussion also suggests that Grid planning must develop alongside renewable capacity rather than after it.
(Adapted and rewritten from official materials published by the International Energy Agency.)
Which of the following best summarises the passage?
A. Flexible renewable-electricity grids is a purely technical matter that has no social or environmental consequences.
B. The passage argues that requiring every generator to produce the same output continuously is the only effective strategy.
C. The passage claims that installing new technology automatically guarantees equitable and permanent success.
D. Variable renewable power can expand reliably when grids use forecasting, storage, transmission, and flexible demand together.
